An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The process whereby a substance goes from a solid directly to a gaseous form.

From M.L. sublimationem (nominative sublimatio) "refinement," literally "a lifting up, deliverance," from L. sublimare "to raise, elevate," from sublimis "lofty."

Vâlâyeš, verbal noun from vâlâ "sublime, majestic," may be a variant of bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," variants boland "high," borz "height, magnitude" (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz), Lori dialect berg "hill, mountain;" Mid.Pers. buland "high;" O.Pers. baršan- "height;" Av. barəz- "high, mount," barezan- "height;" cf. Skt. bhrant- "high;" L. fortis "strong" (Fr. & E. force); O.E. burg, burh "castle, fortified place," from P.Gmc. *burgs "fortress;" Ger. Burg "castle," Goth. baurgs "city," E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg); PIE base *bhergh- "high."

The study of astronomical objects with → submillimeter waves. As with millimeter-wave astronomy, this part of the spectrum is rich in lines emitted by interstellar molecules and dust.

→ submillimeter; → astronomy.

That part of the → electromagnetic radiation with a → wavelength beyond 300 → microns.

→ submillimeter; → radiation.

An act or instance of submitting. The condition of having submitted. → submit

Verbal noun of → submit.

1) A sum of money given or pledged as a contribution, payment, investment, etc. 2) The right to receive a periodical for a sum paid, usually for an agreed number of issues (Dictionary.com).

→ subscribe; → -tion.

Describing a speed that is less than the speed of sound in the medium concerned. → supersonic.

→ sub-; → sonic.

A flow in which the velocity of the constituting particles never exceeds that of sound in the same fluid. Also called subcritical flow.

→ subsonic; → flow.

The operation of finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

Verbal noun of → subtract.

1) The act of suggesting.
2) The state of being suggested.
3) Something suggested, as a piece of advice (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → suggest.

Same as → perigee full Moon.

→ super-; → Moon.

A star whose mass exceeds the → canonical upper limit of the stellar → initial mass function (Kroupa et al. 2012, arXiv:1112.3340).

→ super-; → canonical; → star.

A → stellar wind accelerated by radiation pressure in the continuum from a star with a luminosity above the → Eddington limit.

→ super-; → Eddington limit; → wind.

The phenomenon in which certain materials, when cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, lose all resistance to the flow of electricity.

→ super-; → conductivity

A material which shows almost perfect conductivity at temperatures approaching absolute zero.

→ super-; → conductor.

→ supergalactic coordinate system.

→ supergalactic; → longitude.

One of a number of large convective cells (about 15,000-30,000 km in diameter) in the solar photosphere, distributed fairly uniformly over the solar disk, that last longer than a day.

→ super-; → granulation; → cell.

An ion which is responsible for the existence of a strong → P Cygni profile observed in many early O stars. Since the → effective temperature of the star is too low to produce such an ion appreciably, the ion is termed a superion. For example, the ion O⁵⁺ which is at the origin of a strong O VI λλ1031, 1038 P Cygni profile observed in many O stars. Similarly, the lines due to N V λλ1238, 1242 belong to the superion category, while in later spectral types C IV λλ1548, 1552 also falls into this category. Initial modeling of the → ultraviolet line superions assumed the → stellar winds were smooth and homogeneous. However it is now generally accepted that the winds are (→ clumped wind), and this can have a profound influence on the formation of the superion profiles. We know that the strength of lines due to the superions is strongly influenced by the → interclump medium. Indeed, the interclump medium may be more important for producing the lines than are the clumps -- this is simply a consequence of the higher ionization in the interclump medium which occurs because of its lower density (see D. John Hillier, 2020, https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/8/3/60/htm, and references therein).

→ super-; → ion.

The conjunction of a planet with the Sun which occurs when the planet is beyond the Sun. → inferior conjunction.

→ superior; → conjunction.

The meridian transit of a star between the celestial pole and the south point of the horizon. Same as → upper culmination. → inferior culmination.

→ superior; → culmination.

Apparent proper motion exceeding the velocity of light seen toward certain astronomical objects, such as the jets of radio galaxies and quasars. However, these jets are not actually moving at speeds in excess of the speed of light: the apparent superluminal motion is a projection effect caused by objects moving near the speed of light and at a small angle to the line of sight.

→ super-; luminal, from → lumen; → motion.

Jonbeš, → motion; abar→ super-; nur, → light.