An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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If E₁, E₂, ..., E_n are n → mutually exclusive events, then the probability of occurrence of at least one of them is the sum of their individual probabilities: P(E₁ + E₂ + ... + E_n) = P(E₁) + P(E₂) + ... + P(E_n).

→ additive; → law; → probability.

Of an event B in relationship to an event A, the probability that event B occurs given that event A has already occurred. The notation for conditional probability is P(B|A), read as the probability of B given A: P(B|A) = P(A ∩ B)/P(A). → Bayes' theorem.

→ conditional; → probability.

A principle according to which the sum of probabilities of all possible states that might come out of an initial state equals the probability of the initial state.

→ conservation; → probability.

A probability determined by the long-term frequency of an event; in contrast to subjective probability.

→ objective; → probability.

1) General: The quality or fact of being probable. A strong → likelihood or chance of something.
2) Statistics: The branch of → mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events and their relative distributions. → probability theory.

From → probable + → -ity.

A curve that describes the distribution of probability over the values of a random variable.

→ probability; → curve.

A mathematical function whose integral over any interval gives the probability that a continuous → random variable has values in this interval. Also known as → density function, frequency function, → probability function.

→ probability; → density; → function.

The function that describes the range of possible values that a random variable can attain and the probability that the value of the random variable is within any (measurable) subset of that range.

→ probability; → distribution.

A function that represents a probability distribution in terms of integrals. Also called probability density function or density function.

→ probability; → function.

A branch of → mathematics with its own axioms and methods, which is based on the concept of → randomness and is concerned with the possible outcome of given → events and their relative → likelihoods and → distributions.

→ probability; → theory.

The probability that a quantum-mechanical system will make a transition from a given initial state to a given final state.

→ transition; → probability.