An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The highest point or upper part of a wave.

From O.Fr. creste "tuft, comb," from L. crista "tuft, plume; rooster's comb."

Setiq "summit; anything standing upright," from O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set," Mod.Pers. istâdan "to stand" (cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand," Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still," L. stare "to stand") + adj. suffix -iq, variants -ig, -ik, → -ics.

1) (adj.) Of or from outside the limits of the Earth.
2) (n.) A hypothetical extraterrestrial being; → alien.

→ extra- + → terrestrial.

Life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth.

→ extraterrestrial; → life.

1) A large tract of land covered with trees and underbrush; woodland (Dictionary.com).
2) In → graph theory, a → graph which contains no → cycles. The connected components of a forest are → trees.

M.E., from O.Fr. forest, probably from L.L. forestis (silva) "the outside woods," from L. foris "outside."

Jangal "a wood, forest, a vast land with plenty of trees;" cf. Skt. jangala- "arid , sparingly grown with trees and plants."

The process by virtue of which the original image can be created by removing the blurring and the noise that occur during image formation.

→ image; → restoration.

1a) The sense of curiosity about or concern with something or someone.
1b) Something in which one is interested.
1c) A right, share, or claim in a business or property.
2) To engage or excite the attention or curiosity of.

M.E., from M.L. from L. interest "it concerns," from M.L. interesse "compensation for loss," noun use of L. interesse "to concern, make a difference, be of importance," literally "to be between," from → inter- "between" + esse "to be," → entity.

Andarast, coined (Adib-Soltani) on the model of the L. word, as above, from andar "between," → inter-, + ast variant hast "is, exists," → entity.

Having an interest in something; having the attention engaged; being affected or involved.

P.p. of → interest.

Inspiring interest, holding the attention.

Adj. from → interest.

A frame of reference that turns around the Galactic center at a velocity and a distance which are the mean values for the stars in the solar neighborhood. In this reference system the stars belonging to the solar neighborhood are statistically at rest. The orbital velocity of the Local Standard of Rest around the Galaxy is about 220 km/sec.

→ local; → standard; → rest.

The appearance of many differentially → redshifted→ Lyman alpha lines in → absorption in a → quasar's → spectrum, caused by intervening → hydrogen clouds along our → line of sight to the quasar.

→ Lyman; → forest.

1) To estimate at too high a value, amount, rate, or the like.
2) An estimate that is too high.

→ over-; → estimate.

Cessation or absence of motion. → rest energy; → rest mass.

M.E.; O.E. ræste, reste "rest, bed, intermission of labor, mental peace," akin to O.H.G. rasta "league of miles," O.N. rost "league, distance after which one rests."

Âram, variant of ârâm "rest, quiet, tranquility;" Mid.Pers. râm "peace," râmenidan "to give peace, pleasure," râmišn "peace, pleasure;" Av. ram- "to stay, rest;" cf. Skt. ram- "to stop, stand still, rest, become appeased;" Gk. erema "quietly, gently;" Goth. rimis "rest;" Lith. rãmas "rest."

The energy which a particle has when it is at rest. According to Einstein's → mass-energy relation, it is equal to the → rest mass times the square of the → speed of light: E = mc².

→ rest; → energy.

The → frame of reference with respect to which an object or observer is at rest. A clock in that particular rest frame registers what is by definition → proper time. See also → moving frame.

→ rest; → frame.

The → inertial mass that an object has when it is at rest relative to an observer.

→ rest; → mass.

Same as → rest energy.

→ rest; → mass; → energy.

The act or process of restoring such as → image restoration.

Verbal noun of → restore.

1) To bring back into existence, use, or the like; reestablish.
2) To bring back to a former, original, or normal condition, as a building, statue, or painting (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. restorer, from L. restaurare "repair, rebuild, renew," from → re- "back, again" + -staurare, from PIE root *sta- "to stand, set down, make or be firm," → state.

Bâzsâxtan, from bâz- "back, again," → re-, + sâxtan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sâcaya- (causative) "to teach").
Bâzgardândan, from bâz-+ gardândan "to turn (around)," accusative of gardidan, gaštan "to change, to turn, → revolve."

An image that has been upgraded by a process of → image restoration.

Restored, p;p. of restore, → restoration; → image.

Tasvir, → image; bâzsâxté, p.p. of bâzsâxtan, → restoration.

A force that comes into play after a system is perturbed away from the equilibrium, tending to bring the system back the equilibrium position. For example, when a pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. The restoring force combined with the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position.

→ restore; → force.