An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The function F(x) is called the antiderivative of the function f(x) on the interval [a,b] if at all points of this interval F'(x) = f(x). Same as primitive.

→ anti- + → derivative.

Karyâ, → function; noxostin "primitive," → first.

A → tidal current that generally moves seaward and occurs during the part of the tide cycle when sea level is falling.

M.E. eb(be); O.E. ebba; cognate with O.Fr. ebba, Du. eb(be), Ger. Ebbe ebb, M.E. ebben, O.E. ebbian, derivative of the noun; akin to → off; PIE base *apo- "off, away;" → tide.

Bâzkeš, from bâz- a suffix denoting "reversal, repetition, opposition," → re-, + keš present stem of kešidan "to draw, drag, carry," → tide.

The state of the → tide when at its highest level.

→ high; → tide.

Owpiš, from Persian Gulf dialects, literally "forward water," from ow, variant of âb, → water, + piš "→ forward."
Madd, loan from Ar.

The state of the → tide when at its lowest level.

→ low; → tide.

Owpas, from Persian Gulf dialects, literally "backward water," from ow, variant of âb, → water, + pas "→ back, behind."
Jazr, loan from Ar.

Tide which occurs during the → first quarter and → third quarter of the → Moon when the pull of the Sun is at → right angles to that of the Moon.

Neap, from M.E. neep, from O.E. nepflod "neap tide" + → tide.

Kehkešan "small tide," from keh- "small, little," → low, + kešand, → tide.

One of the 5 or 6 → epagomenal days added to the 12 months of 30 days each in the → French Republican Calendar. Sansculottides began on September 17 or 18 and approximately ended on the → autumnal equinox, on September 22 or 23 of the → Gregorian calendar. These days were kept as festivals of Virtue, Genius, Labor, Opinion, and Rewards. There was a sixth Sanculottide, called Revolution, in → leap years.

From Fr. sans-culotte, literally "without knee breeches," a revolutionary of the lower class in the French revolution. The appellation was originally a term of contempt applied by the aristocrats but later was adopted as a popular name by the French revolutionaries. It refers to the fashionable culottes (silk knee breeches) of the aristocrats as distinguished from the working class sans-culottes, who traditionally wore pantalons (long trousers).

Tide that occurs when the → Earth, the → Sun, and the → Moon are in a line. This happens approximately twice a month, around → new moon and → full moon. In such a condition, known as → syzygy, the tidal force due to the Sun reinforces that due to the Moon. Spring tides have nothing to do with the season spring. The name derives from the meaning "a leap, jump, bound, rise."

Spring "a leap, jump, or bound;" M.E. springen, from spring O.E. springan "to leap, fly up; spread, grow;" cognates: O.N., O.Fris. springa, M.Du. springhen, O.H.G. springan, Ger. springen, from PIE *sprengh-, form *spergh- "to move, hasten, spring" (Skt. sprhayati "desires eagerly," Gk. sperkhesthai "to hurry."

Mehkešandak "high tide," from meh-, → high, + kešand, → tide.

1) The periodic rising and falling of the waters of the ocean and its inlets. The tides result from the → gravitational attraction of the → Moon and → Sun acting upon the rotating → Earth. See also: → ebb tide, → high tide, → low tide, → neap tide, → spring tide, → tidal braking, → tidal bulge, → tidal capture, → tidal coupling, → tidal current, → tidal disruption, → tidal force, → tidal friction, → tidal heating, → tidal locking, → tidal radius, → tidal stretching.
2) → tidal force.

M.E.; O.E. tid "time, hour" (cf. O.S. tid, Du. tijd, O.H.G. zit, Ger. Zeit "time").

Kešand, from Mod./Mid.Pers. kešidan/kašidan "to draw, protract, trail, drag, carry," dialectal Yaqnavi xaš "to draw," Qomi xaš "streak, stria, mark," Lori kerr "line;" Av. karš- "to draw; to plow," karša- "furrow;" Proto-Iranian *kerš-/*xrah- "to draw, plow;" cf. Skt. kars-, kársati "to pull, drag, plow;" Gk. pelo, pelomai "to move, to bustle;" PIE base k^wels- "to plow."