An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

For any → real number a, the non-negative value of a without regard to its sign; denoted by |a|. Same as → modulus. The absolute value of a is always either → positive or → zero, but never negative. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its → distance from zero. The following rules hold:
|ab| = |a||b|
|a + b|  ≤  |a| + |b|
|a - b|  ≥  |a| - |b|
For a> 0, |x|  ≤  a if and only if -a  ≤  x  ≤  a.

→ absolute; → value.

A quantity that has certain magnitudes and does not represent a → continuous variable.

→ discrete; → value.

1) Math.: The one of the → scalars λ such that T(v) = λv, where T is a linear → operator on a → vector space, and v is an → eigenvector.
2) Quantum mechanics: The specified values of → quantized energy for which the → Schrodinger equation is soluble, subject to the appropriate → boundary conditions.

→ eigenfunction; → value.

Statistics: Same as → mathematical expectation, → expectation.

→ expectation; → value.

The thickness of material required to reduce the intensity of an → X-ray beam to one half of its initial value. The HVL is an indirect measure of the photon energies of a beam.

→ half; → value; → layer; → attenuation.

1) If f(x) is a continuous function on the interval from a to b, then:
∫ f(x) dx = f(c)(b - a) (summed from a to b) for at least one point in that interval.
2) More generally, If f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions on the interval from a to b and g(x)≥ 0, then:
∫ f(x)g(x) dx = f(c) ∫ g(x) dx (both integrals summed from a to b).

→ mean; → value; → theorem.

The assigned, specified, or intended value of a quantity.

→ nominal; → value.

A mathematical notation system in which the → numerals get different values depending on their position relative to the other numerals. Same as → positional notation and → positional number system.

→ place; → value; → notation.

Statistics: The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviation of observed values from their arithmetic mean.

→ root; → mean; → square; → deviation.

Photometric values of selected stars in a standard system.

→ standard; → value.

The quality of a logical → proposition (or a formal → symbol) which describes the relation of a proposition to → truth. The traditional → formal logic admits only two contradictory values, → true or → false. In → symbolic logic, more specifically in → polyvalent logics, other truth values are used (such as possible, impossible, undetermined, probable, random, etc.).

→ truth; → value.

Math.: Magnitude; quantity; a numerical quantity assigned to a mathematical symbol.

M.E., from O.Fr. value "worth, value," noun use of feminine p.p. of valoir "be worth," from L. valere "be strong, be well, be of value."

Arzeš, verbal noun of arzidan "to be worth," arzân "worthy; of small value, cheap," arj "esteem, honour, price, worth;" Mid.Pers. arz "value, worth," arzidan "be worth," arzân "valuable;" Av. arəjaiti "is worth," arəja- "valuable," arəg- "to be worth;" cf. Skt. arh- "to be worth, to earn," árhant- "worthy person;" Gk. alphanein "to bring in as profit," alphein "to ear, obtain;" Lith. algà "salary, pay;" PIE base *alg^wh- "to earn; price, value."