An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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The largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, which mainly occurred on April 10, 1815 in the Indonesian Sumbawa Island. An estimated 150 cubic kilometers of igneous material was ejected, whereby the mountain lost ~ 1400 m in height during the blast (current height ~ 2900 m). The eruption created a 6 km-wide, 1250 m-deep → caldera. The ash put into the atmosphere produced high-latitude clouds which intercepted incoming sunlight. The resulting drop in → insolation caused a dramatic change in climate and weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere during the following year. The year 1816 is known as the "year without a summer" because there was no warm season over much of the Northern Hemisphere.

Tambora, proper noun; → volcano

An opening in the Earth's → crust from which → lava, → ash, and hot → gases flow or are → ejected during an → eruption.

From It. vulcano, from L. Vulcanus, → Vulcan.

Âtašfešân, literally "fire disperser, dispersing fire," from âtaš, → fire, + fešân contraction of afšân, from afšândan "to spread, scatter," Mid.Pers. afšân "to spread, to scatter;" ultimately from Proto-Ir. *apašan-, from root *šan- "to shake" (Cheung 2007).