An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Any of the several discrete states of energy which a particle, atom, or molecule can adopt under conditions where the possible values are restricted by quantum mechanical laws.

→ energy; → level.

Of cosmic rays, the plot representing the number of particles as a function of their energy.

→ energy; → spectrum.

Same as → energy level.

→ energy; → state.

The → conversion of one → form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place or system to another.

→ energy; → transfer.

A tensor (T_μν) related to the → Einstein tensor through → Einstein's field equations. The energy-momentum tensor depends upon the distribution of the → energy and → matter in the space.

→ energy; → momentum; → tensor.

1) Any machine that converts energy, especially heat energy, into mechanical power or motion.
2) The part of a processor or software program that determines how the program manages and manipulates data. The term is most often used in relation to a specific task.

M.E. engin, from O.Fr. engin "skill, cleverness; war machine," from L. ingenium "inborn qualities, talent," from → in- "in" + gen-, root of gignere "to beget, produce;" cognate with Pers. zâdan "to bring forth, give birth;" → generate.

Motor, loanword from Fr. moteur, from L. motor "mover," from movere "to move."

A person who designs, constructs, or works with engines or machines.

M.E. engin(e)our, from O.Fr. engigneor, from L.L. ingeniare, → engine.

Mohandes, from Ar. muhandis "measurer," from Pers. andâzé, → measure.

The action, work, or profession of an engineer.

→ engineer + → -ing.

A method of mounting a telescope in which the polar axis is supported at each end by two piers. The great defect of this type of mounting is its inability to observe the pole.

→ mounting.

To raise to a higher degree; intensify; magnify (Dictionary.com).

M.E. enhauncen, from Anglo-Fr. enhauncer, from O.Fr. enhaucier "make higher, make greater; raise in esteem," from V.L. *inaltiare, from L.L. inaltare "raise, exalt," from altare "make high," from altus "high."

Bolandidan, from boland "high," related to bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," borz, "height, magnitude," → magnitude.

An increase or improvement in value, extent, or quality.

Verbal noun of → enhance.

A puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation. See also: → problem, → puzzle.

From L. aenigma "riddle," from Gk. ainigma "a dark saying, riddle," from ainissesthai "speak obscurely, speak in riddles," from ainos "tale, story; saying, proverb;" of unknown origin.

Câceh, from Baluci (Zâhedân) câcâk "riddle, puzzle;" cf. (Kermânšâhi) câvca "riddle, puzzle" (Fin-e Bandar-Abbâs) cencen "riddle;" maybe related to Choresmian c'tyk "riddle," from Proto-Ir. *caš- "to teach, to show;" Av. *caš- "to teach, to show" (Cheung 2007).

Resembling an enigma, or a puzzling occurrence, situation, statement, person, etc.; perplexing; mysterious (Dictionary.com).

→ enigma; → -ic.

Cušenâk, from cušé, → enigma, + -nâk adj. suffix.

An intellectual movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries celebrating human reason and scientific thought as the instruments of progress and subjecting conventional ways of thinking to rigorous critique. The Enlightenment culminated with the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and the Encyclopédistes, the philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and the political ideals of the French and American Revolutions, while the precursor in science and philosophy included Francis Bacon (1561-1626), René Descartes (1596-1650), Isaac Newton (1643-1727), John Locke (1632-1704), and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679).

From enlighten, from en- + → light + -en + → -ment.

Asr, → age; rowšangari, noun from rowšangar "enlightener," from rowšan "light, bright, luminous, splendid," cognate with L. lux, → bright, + -gar a suffix of agent nouns, → -or.

To increase the → concentration or → abundance of a specified → component or → isotope in a material.

From en- a prefix forming verbs with a particular sense + → rich.

Pordâridan, pordâr kardan, infinitives from pordâr, → rich.

Supplied with abundance of something. → enriched gas, → enriched uranium.

Past participle of → enrich.

A gas, usually → interstellar, in which the → abundance of particular chemical or atomic species is higher than the expected values.

→ enriched; → gas.

Uranium in which the → proportion of the → isotope U-235 has been increased (above the 0.7% value in natural uranium).

→ enriched; → uranium.

1) A process that changes the → isotopic ratio in a material. For example, for uranium the ratio of U-235 to U-238 may be increased by gaseous diffusion of uranium hexafluoride.
2) → chemical enrichment.

Verbal noun of → enrich.

A relatively common mineral, magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃) found in metamorphic and some igneous rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites.

From Gk. enstates "resistor", because it resists high temperatures.