An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 41 Search : Transit
Airy transit circle
  پرهون ِ نیمروزانی ِ ایری   
parhun-e nimruzâni-ye Airy

Fr.: circle méridien d'Airy   

A → transit circle that defines the position of the → Greenwich Meridian since the first observation was taken with it in 1851. Airy's transit circle lies at longitude 0°, by definition, and latitude 51° 28' 38'' N.

Named after Sir George Biddell Airy (1801-1892), Astronomer Royal, at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich from 1835 to 1881. Airy transformed the observatory, installing some of the most advanced astronomical apparatus of his day and expanded both staff numbers and their workload; → transit; → circle.

atomic transition
  گذرش ِ اتمی   
gozareš-e atomi

Fr.: transition atomique   

A change in the → energy level or → state of an → atom in which a → quantum of energy is either gained or lost. See also → forbidden transition; → permitted transition; → semiforbidden transition.

atomic; → transition.

bound-bound transition
  گذرش ِ بندیده-بندیده   
gozareš-e bandidé-bandidé

Fr.: transition liée-liée   

A transition between two energy levels of an electron bound to a nucleus. The electron remains tied to the nucleus before and after the transition. → bound-free transition; → free-free emission.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → transition.

bound-free transition
  گذرش ِ بندیده-آزاد   
gozareš-e bandidé-âzâd

Fr.: transition liée-libre   

A transition in which a bound electron is liberated. → free-bound emission; → free-free emission.

Bound, p.p. of → bind; → free.

cascade transition
  گذرش ِ پی‌شاری   
gozareš-e peyšâri

Fr.: transition en cascade   

A photon generation mechanism in an atom in which a transition initiates a series of secondary transitions from lower electronic levels.

cascade; → transition.

discrete transition
  گذرش ِ گسسته   
gozareš-e gosasté

Fr.: transition discrète   

A transition between two quantum-mechanical energy levels. See also → discrete spectrum.

discrete; → transition.

electronic transition
  گذرش ِ الکترونی   
gozareš-e elektroni

Fr.: transition électronique   

The → transfer of an → electron from one → energy level to another.

electronic; → transition.

ephemeris transit
  گذر ِ روزیجی   
gozar-e ruziji

Fr.: transit au méridien des éphémérides   

The passage of a celestial body or point across the → ephemeris meridian.

ephemeris; → transit.

exoplanetary transit
  گذر ِ برون‌سیاره‌ای   
gozar-e borun-sayyâre-yi

Fr.: transit d'exoplanète   

The passage of an → exoplanet across the face its star.

exoplanetary; → transit.

forbidden transition
  گذرش ِ بژکم   
gozareš-e bažkam

Fr.: transition interdite   

A transition between two quantum mechanical → states that → violates the quantum mechanical → selection rules.

forbidden; → transition.

hyperfine transition
  گذرش ِ اَبَرنازک   
gozareš-e abar-nâzok

Fr.: transition hyperfine   

An → atomic transition involving a → hyperfine structure.

hyperfine; → transition.

nuclear transition
  گذرش ِ هسته‌ای   
gozareš-e haste-yi

Fr.: transition   

A change in the → energy level or state of an atomic → nucleus involving a → quantum of energy.

nuclear; → transition.

permitted transition
  گذرش ِ پرزامیده   
gozareš-e parzâmidé

Fr.: transition permise   

A transition between two quantum mechanical states that does not violate the quantum mechanical selection rules.

permitted; → transition.

phase transition
  گذرش ِ فاز   
gozareš-e fâz

Fr.: transition de phase   

The changing of a substance from one phase to another, by → freezing, → melting, → boiling, → condensation, or → sublimation. Also known as phase transformation. A well known phase transition is the transition from → water to → ice. Phase transitions are often associated with → symmetry breaking. In water there is a complete symmetry under rotations with no preferred direction. Ice has a crystal structure, in which certain orientations in space are preferred. Therefore, in transition from water to ice the continuous rotational symmetry is lost.

phase; → transition.

planetary transit
  گذر ِ سیاره‌ای   
gozar-e sayyâre-yi (#)

Fr.: transit planétaire   

The passage of an → inferior planet against the disk of the Sun, as viewed from Earth. Mercury and Venus pass in front of the Sun only when they are close to one of their → orbital nodes, at → inferior conjunction. For Mercury this occurs at the beginning of November (the → ascending node) or at the beginning of May (the → descending node), while for Venus it takes place at the beginning of December (the ascending node) or at the beginning of June (the descending node). See also → transit of Mercury, → transit of Venus.

planetary; → transit.

PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO)
  پلاتو   
PLATO

Fr.: PLATO   

A space observatory under development by the → European Space Agency for launch around 2024. Its objective is to detect and characterize → exoplanets by means of their → transit signature in front of a very large sample of → bright stars, and measure the seismic oscillations (→ asteroseismology) of the parent stars orbited by these planets in order to understand the properties of the exoplanetary systems.

planetary; → transit; → oscillation; → star.

quantum phase transition (QPT)
  گذرش ِ فاز ِ کو‌آنتومی   
gozareš-e fâz-e kuântomi

Fr.: transition de phase quantique   

A phase transitions that occurs at zero temperature as a function of a non-thermal parameter like → pressure, → magnetic field, or → chemical composition. In contrast to ordinary → phase transitions, which are associated with passage through a critical temperature, quantum phase transitions are associated with → quantum fluctuations, a consequence of → Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. For example, see → Bose-Einstein condensation.

quantum; → phase; → transition.

quark-hadron phase transition
  گذرش ِ فاز ِ کو‌آرک-هادرون   
gozareš-e fâz-e kuârk-hâdron

Fr.: transition de phase quark-hadron   

A phase transition, predicted by cosmological models, to have occurred at approximately 10-5 seconds after the Big Bang to convert a plasma of free quarks and gluons into hadron.

quark; → hadron; → phase; → transition.

radiative transition
  گذرش ِ تابشی   
gozareš-e tâbeši

Fr.: transition radiative   

A transition between two states of an atomic or molecular entity, the energy difference being emitted or absorbed as photons.

radiative; → transition.

rotational transition
  گذرش ِ چرخشی   
gozareš-e carxeši

Fr.: transition rotationnelle   

A slight change in the energy level of a molecule due to the rotation of its constituent atoms about their center of mass.

rotational; → transition.

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