An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 87 Search : late
latent heat
  گرمای ِ نهان   
garmâ-ye nahân (#)

Fr.: chaleur latente   

The amount of → thermal energy that is absorbed or released by a unit amount of a substance in the process of a phase change under conditions of constant pressure and temperature.

latent; → heat.

lateral
  بری، کناری، پهلویی   
bari, kenâri, pahluyi

Fr.: latéral   

Of or relating to the → side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. latéral and directly from L. lateralis "belonging to the side," from latus "the side, flank; lateral surface."

Kenâri, relating to kenâr, → side.

modulate
  دگر‌آهنگیدن   
degarâhangidan (#)

Fr.: moduler   

General: To regulate by or adjust to a certain measure or proportion; tone down. Physics: To alter the value of some parameter characterizing a periodic oscillation. → modulation.

From L. modulatus pr.p. of modulari "to regulate, measure off properly," from modulus "small measure," diminutive of modus "measure, manner," → mode.

Degarâhangidan, from degar "other, another," denoting change, variant digar (Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second;" O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second;" Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second") + âhang "melody, pitch, tune, modulation" (ultimately from Proto-Iranian *āhang-, from prefix ā- + *hang-, from PIE base *sengwh- "to sing, make an incantation;" cf. O.H.G. singan; Ger. singen; Goth. siggwan; Swed. sjunga; O.E. singan "to chant, sing, tell in song;" maybe cognate with Gk. omphe "voice; oracle") + -idan infinitive suffix.

modulated wave
  موج ِ دگر‌آهنگیده   
mowj-e degarâhangidé (#)

Fr.: onde modulée   

A combination of two or more waves resulting in the production of frequencies not present in the original waves, the new frequencies being usually the sums and differences of integral multiples of the frequencies in the original waves.
A wave which varies in some characteristic in accordance with the variations of a modulating signal. Compare continuous wave. See modulation

Modulated, p.p. of → modulate; → wave.

oblate
  پخ   
pax (#)

Fr.: aplati   

Adjective meaning flattened, as → oblate spheroid. Opposed to → prolate.

From L. ob- "toward" + latus, abstracted from its opposite, prolatus "lengthened."

Pax "oblate," of unknown etymology.

oblate spheroid
  کره‌وار ِ پخ   
korevâr-e pax

Fr.: sphéroïde aplati   

An ellipsoid produced by rotating an ellipse through 360° about its minor axis. Compare with → prolate spheroid.

oblate; → spheroid.

oblateness
  پخی   
paxi (#)

Fr.: aplatissement   

The property possessed by a round body that is flattened at the poles.

Noun from → oblate.

optical oblateness
  پخی ِ نوری   
paxi-ye nuri

Fr.: aplatissement optique   

(polar flattening) The ratio of the difference between equatorial and polar diameters to the equatorial diameter. A sphere has an oblateness of 0; an infinitely thin disk has an oblateness of 1 (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

optical; → oblateness.

oscillate
  نویدن   
navidan (#)

Fr.: osciller   

To have, produce, or generate oscillations. → vibrate.

From L. oscillatus, p.p. of oscillare "to swing," from oscill(um) "swing" + -ate a suffix forming verbs from L. words.

Navidan "to swing, oscillate," from nâvidan, literally "to swing like a ship," from nâv "ship;" O.Pers./Av. *nāv-, O.Pers. nāviyā- "fleet;" Skt. nau-, nava- "ship, boat;" Gk. naus "ship;" PIE *nau- "boat."

osculate
  آبوسیدن   
âbusidan

Fr.:   

Geometry: Of a curve, to touch another curve so as to have the same tangent and curvature at the point of contact.

From L. osculatum p.p. of osculari "to kiss," from osculum "kiss," literally "little mouth," diminutive of os "mouth;" PIE *os-/*ous- "mouth;" cf. Av. āh- "mouth;" Skt. ās-, āsán- "mouth;" Hittite aiš- "mouth;" O.Ir. á "mouth;" O.N. oss "mouth."

Âbusidan, from â- a nuance prefix + busidan "to kiss," related to buyidan "to smell," buy "smell, scent;" Mid.Pers. bôy, bôd "smell, scent; consciousness," bôyidan "to smell," Mod./Mid.Pers. bustân "garden," Parthian (prefixed *pati-) pdbws- "to desire; to hope for;" Av. baod- "to perceive, notice, become aware of; to smell of," baoδi- "smell, fragrance," baozdri- "who gets to know sexually;" cf. Skt. bodh- "to wake, awaken; to perceive, pay attention," Buddha "awakened, enlightened;" Gk. peuthomai "to learn, hear;" Lith. budeti "to wake;" O.C.S. bljusti "to take care;" PIE base *bheudh- "to be aware, to make aware."

palate
  کام   
kâm (#)

Fr.: palais   

The roof of the → mouth, separating the oral and nasal cavities. → hard palate; → soft palate.

M.E., from O.Fr. palat and directly from L. palatum "roof of the mouth."

Kâm "roof of the mouth," of unknown origin.

particulate
  پارولی، پارولمند   
pâruldâr, pârulmand

Fr.: particule en suspension   

1) Of or relating to minute separate → particles.
2) A particulate → substance.

From Mod. L. particulatus, from particula, → particle.

From pârul, → particle, + suffix or -mand.

particulate matter (PM)
  ماده‌ی ِ پارولی   
mâdde-ye pâruli

Fr.: particule en suspension   

Meteorology: A complex → mixture of → microscopic → particles and → liquid droplets suspended in the → atmosphere, especially pollutants.

particulate; → matter.

Planck postulate
  فراوَس ِ پلانک   
farâvas-e Planck

Fr.: postulat de Planck   

The postulate that the energy of oscillators in a blackbody is quantized by E = nhν, where n = 1, 2, 3, ..., h is Planck's constant, and ν the frequency.

Planck; → postulate.

plane-parallel plate
  تیغه‌ی ِ تخت-پراسو   
tiqe-ye taxt-parâsu

Fr.: lame plan-parallèle   

A piece of glass with plane parallel surfaces used to admit light into an optical system and to exclude dirt and moisture.

plane; → parallel; → plate.

plate
  ۱) تیغه؛ ۲)؛ ۳) پلاک   
1) tiqé (#); 2); 3) pelâk (#)

Fr.: 1) lame; 2); 3) plaque   

1) Optics: Any crystalline material whose length is much less than its measured diameter. → half-wave plate.
2) A flat piece of material on which a picture or text has been produced.
3) Any of the large movable segments into which the Earth's lithosphere is divided. → plate tectonics.

M.E., from O.Fr. plate "thin piece of metal," from M.L. plata "plate, piece of metal," perhaps via V.L. *plattus, from Gk. platys " flat, broad."

1) Tiqé, from tiq "blade," related to tiz "sharp," variants tig, tež, tej, tij; Mid.Pers. tigr, têz, têž "sharp," O.Pers. tigra- "pointed," tigra.xauda- "pointed helmet (epithet of Scythians)," Av. tiγra- "pointed," tiγray- "arrow," tiži.arštay- "with the pointed spear," cf. Skt. tikta- "sharp, pungent, bitter," tejas- "sharpness, edge, point or top of a flame;" PIE base *st(e)ig- "to stick; pointed." Cognates in other IE languages: Gk. stizein "to prick, puncture," stigma "mark made by a pointed instrument," L. in-stigare "to goad," O.H.G. stehhan, Ger. stechen "to stab, prick," Du. stecken, O.E. sticca "rod, twig, spoon," E. stick.
2); 3) loanword from Fr., as above.

plate center
  مرکز ِ پلاک   
markaz-e pelâk

Fr.: centre de plaque   

The celestial coordinates of the center of the field of an astronomical photographic plate.

plate; → center.

plate scale
  مرپل ِ پلاک   
marpel-e pelâk

Fr.: échelle de plaque   

The scale factor for converting linear measure on a photographic plate to angular measurement on the sky.

plate; → scale.

plate tectonics
  سازانیک ِ پلاک   
sâzânik-e pelâk

Fr.: tectonique des plaques   

The theory supported by a wide range of evidence in which the Earth's crust is composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. The interaction of the plates at their boundaries causes seismic and tectonic activity along these boundaries. See also → continental drift.

plate; → tectonics.

plateau
  تختال   
taxtâl

Fr.: plateau   

1) An extensive area with a fairly level surface raised sharply above adjacent land.
2) A period, phase, or state of little or no growth or decline in something. → Spite plateau.

From Fr. plateau, from O.Fr. platel "flat piece of metal, wood, etc.," diminutive of plat "flat surface or thing," → plate.

Taxtâl, from taxt "flat;" Mid.Pers. taxtag "tablet, plank, (chess)board" + -âl, → -al.


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