An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The use of → Newtonian mechanics to derive homogeneous and isotropic solutions of → Einstein's field equations, which represent models of expanding Universe. The Newtonian cosmology deviates from the prediction of → general relativity in the general case of anisotropic and inhomogeneous models.

→ Newtonian; → cosmology.

Science of → snow.

From Fr. nivologie, from niveus "snow; snowy," → snow, + -logie, → -logy.

Barfšenâsi, frp barf, → snow, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

The application of observational data to the study of the Universe as a whole.

→ observational; → cosmology.

The science of → wines. Same as enology.

From Gk. oeno-, from oinos cognate with → wine.

Bâdešenâsi, from bâdé, bâda "wine," from Mid.Pers. bâtak "wine," + -šenâsi, → -logy.

1) Classical philosophy: That part of metaphysics which is concerned with the nature of existence or the essence of things.
2) Contemporary philosophy: The conceptions of existence in general, such as those dealt with in various versions of existentialism.
3) Informatics: A description of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships that can exist between those concepts. An ontology is designed for the purpose of enabling knowledge sharing and reuse.

From Mod.L. ontologia, from Gk. on (genitive ontos) "being" (pr.p. of einai "to be"), akin to L. esse "to be;" Pers. hastan, astan "to be," hasti "existence, being," as below; + -logia, → -logy.

Hasti-šenâsi, from hasti "existence," from hastan "to be," → entity, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

The study of past → climates throughout → geologic and → historic time (paleoclimates), and the causes of their variations.

→ paleo-; → climatology.

The study of ancient life through → fossils.

From Fr. paléontologie, from paléo-, → paleo-, + onto-, from Gk. ont- "being," pr.p. of einai "to be," + → -logy.

Pârin-šenâsi, from pârin-, → paleo- + šenâsi, → -logy.

The branch of → geology that deals with → rocks: their classification, composition, structure, occurrence, and conditions of origin.

→ petro-; → -logy

The study of the biological recurring phenomena in plants and animals (such as blossoming, hibernation, reproduction, and migration) and of their relation to changes in season and climate.

From L. phaeno-, from Gk. phaino-, from phainein "bring to light, cause to appear, show," from PIE root *bha- "to shine" + → -logy.

Zistcarxe-šenâsi, literally study of "life cycle," from zistcarxe "life cycle," from zist, → bio-, + carxe, → cycle, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

A branch of linguistics that studies the rules in any given language that govern how → phonemes are combined to create meaningful words. Phonology and → phonetics study two different aspects of sound, but the concepts are dependent on each other in the creation of language.

→ phono-; → -logy.

Same as → planetary science.

→ planet; + → -logy.

An alternative cosmology, initially conceived by Hannes Alfvén in the 1960s, that attempts to explain the development of the visible Universe through the interaction of electromagnetic forces on astrophysical plasma. Like the steady state model, plasma cosmology hypothesizes an evolving Universe without beginning or end.

→ plasma; → cosmology.

The study and use of radiation and radioactive substances for the treatment of diseases.

→ radio; + → -logy.

A branch of physics dealing with the way matter flows and deforms.

From rheo- "flow, current, stream," from Gk. rheos "stream," cognate with Pers. rud "river," → Eridanus, + → -logy.

Ravâné, from ravân "flowing, running," pr.p. of raftan "to go, walk; to flow;" (Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack") + šenâsi, → -logy.

The branch of geophysics that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and measurement of the mechanical properties of the Earth.

→ seismo-; → -logy.

The science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc. (Dictionary.com).

→ society; → -logy.

The systematic application of science, technology, and engineering to the exploration and utilization of outer space.

→ space; → technology.

The conventional → Big Bang model, which is based on two assumptions: the → cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy leading to the → Robertson-Walker metric, and → Einstein's field equations of general relativity along with familiar properties of matter. This model is a remarkably successful operating hypothesis describing the evolution of the Universe from 1/100 second after the initial event through to the present day. It provides explanations for several basic problems such as: → Hubble's law of recession of galaxies, interpreted in terms of the expansion of the Universe; the abundances of the → light elements, in excellent agreement with the predictions of → primordial nucleosynthesis; and the thermal spectrum and angular isotropy of the → cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, as expected from a hot, dense early phase of expansion. For a non-standard model, see → ekpyrotic Universe.

→ standard; → cosmology.

1) The statement or discussion of the first principles of any science or art (1913 Webster).
2) Logic: The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought (Sir W. Hamilton; 1913 Webster).

→ stoichiometry, → -logy.

1) Needless repetition of an idea, especially in words other than those of the immediate context, without imparting additional force or clearness, as in "lifeless dead."
2) A → proposition that is → always  → true. On a → truth table a tautology is a → sentence that is true for every possible → truth value of its constituent parts.

L.L. tautologia "representation of the same thing in other words," from Gk. tautologia, from tautologos "repeating what has been said," from tauto "the same" (contraction of to auto "the same," from to "the" + → auto + -logos "saying," related to legein "to say," → -logy.

Hamân "same" (Mid.Pers. ham "same; also; together," → com-) + ân "that."