An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13187
  سنجیدار ِ ریلی   
sanjidâr-e Rayleigh

Fr.: critère de Rayleigh   

A criterion for the instability of a basic swirling flow with an arbitrary dependence of angular velocity Ω(r) on the distance r from the axis of rotation. This states that in → inviscid fluids: Ω(r) < 0 for instability, where Ω = (1/r3) (d/dr)(r4Ω4).

Rayleigh; → criterion.

"nongravitational forces"
  "نیروهای ِ ناگرانشی"   
"niruhâ-ye nâgerâneši" (#)

Fr.: "forces non-gravitationnelles"   

The forces of jets from a comet's nucleus that can cause a rocket-like effect and alter a comet's direction of motion slightly.

non-; → gravitational; → force.

"shadow of the nucleus"
  "سایه‌ی ِ هسته"   
"sâye-ye hasté"

Fr.: "ombre du noyau"   

A dark lane that appears behind the coma in some comets. It is not the shadow of the true nucleus but sometimes may be a region of the near-tail that lies behind the densest part of the inner coma and therefore receives less sunlight.

shadow; → nucleus.

(486958) 2014 MU69
     
(486958) 2014 MU69

Fr.: (486958) 2014 MU69   

A → trans-Neptunian object located in the → Kuiper belt, nicknamed Ultima Thule. It is elongated in shape with estimated dimensions of about 31 by 19 km. NASA's → New Horizons spacecraft conducted a close → flyby of the object on January 1, 2019 just 3,500 km above the object's surface. The images it took show that the object has in fact two distinct lobes. At a heliocentric distance of 44 → astronomical units, (486958) 2014 MU69 is the most distant object ever visited by a spacecraft. It has an → orbital period of 298 years, a small → inclination (~ 2.45°), and a low → eccentricity (0.042).

asteroid designation.

-able, -ble, -ible
  -یی، -پذیر   
-i (#), -pazir (#)

Fr.: -able, -ble, -ible   

Suffix forming adjectives with meanings "capable of, susceptible of, worthy of, tending to."

M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -abilis, -ibilis, from -a- and -i- + -bilis.

The capability suffix -i is added to the infinitive form.
-pazir "receiving, accepting, admitting, having," from paziroftan "to receive, accept, admit," Mid.Pers. padiriftan, padir- "to receive, accept," from Proto-Iranian *pati- + *grab- "to grab, seize, take," Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize;" cp. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab (E. grab); PIE *ghrebh- "to seize."

-aceous
   -آسا   
-âsâ

Fr.: -acé   

A prefix with several meanings: "characterized by," "of the nature of," "belonging to or connected with a division of animals characterized by or of the nature of," "belonging to or connected with a family of plants of the nature of."

From L. -aceus.

-âsâ a suffix denoting "resemblance; nature; relation," from Mid.Pers. suffix -ihâ forming adverbs.

-al
  ۱) -ای، -ور، -مند؛ ۲) -آل، و دیگرها   
1) -i (#), -var (#), -mand (#); 2) -âl (#), various solutions

Fr.: -al   

1) Adjective suffix denoting "of, relating to, or characterized by;" e.g. astronomical, material, equal, final, general, directional, fictional, etc. Variant → -ar.
2) Noun suffix, used with verbs (refusal, rehearsal, etc.) or nouns (canal, etc.).

1) M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -alis
2) M.E. -aille, from O.Fr., from L. -alia, from neuter pl. of -alis.

1) -i, contraction of -ik, → -ic; -var Mid.Pers. -uwar, -war, from O.Pers. -bara, from bar- "to bear, carry," variant -ur; -mand from Mid.Pers. -omand, O.Pers./Av. -mant, cf. Skt. -mant.
2) In Persian, -âl, a suffix of attributes and similarity, is used to form adjectives that often become nouns. Sometimes it occurs as -al or -el and may be confounded with -ul and -ulé, → -ule. Its link with L. -alis is not established. Some examples:
dombâl "rear part; continuation; tail," from domb "tail" + -âl,
cangâl "fork; claws," from cang "claw; hook" + -âl,
pušâl "tinder, rubbish," from puc, puk "hollow" + -âl,
ravâl "trend," from row present stem of raftan "to go" + -âl,
xoškâl "dried twigs and leaves of a green tree," from xošk "dry" + -âl,
tofâl "remains of anything squeezed," from tof "saliva" + -âl,
kupâl "club," from kup-, kub(idan) "to beat, strike, pound" + -âl,
gowdâl "hole, pit, low place," from gowd "deep" + -âl,
tâval "blister," from tâv-, tâb-, tâbidan "to become warm, burn," + -al.
kandâl "pit (Qâeni), watercourse, canal (Kordi)," from kand stem of kandan "to dig, pluck, extract" + -âl,
mərdâl (Tâleši Xošabar) "dead," from mərd "to die" + -âl,
capâl "left-handed," from cap "left" + -âl,
gaštal (Laki) "wanderer, vagabond," from gaštan "to turn, return, change, look about" + -al,
kašal (Torbat Heydariye-yi) "elongated," from kašidan "to draw, extend" + -al,
gerdel (Hamadâni, Lori, Qomi) "round, loop," from gerd "round" + -el,
peškel "orbicular dung of sheep," from pešk "dung" + -el.

-ance
   -اگی، -ایگی، -آیی، -ش   
-egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi, -eš

Fr.: -ance   

Suffix used to form nouns either from adjectives or from verbs; it expresses 1) state or condition (brilliance, absorptance); 2) action (e.g. continuance).

M.E., from O.Fr., from L. -antia.

-Egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi, -eš Pers. noun suffixes denoting state, condition.

-ant
     

Fr.: -ant   

Same as → -ent.

-ar
  -یی   
-i

Fr.: -aire   

A suffix of adjectives, meaning "of, relating to, or resembling," as in polar "of or relating to": molecular, "being": spectacular.

M.E., from O.Fr. -er, from L. -aris, variant of -alis, → -al.

-ary
     
-i

Fr.: -aire   

An adjective and noun suffix denoting thing or person belonging to or connected with.

From L. -arius, -aria, -arium "connected with, pertaining to; the man engaged in."

-i, Mid.Pers. -ig, -ik, → -ics.

-ate
  ۱) -آت   
1) -ât (#)

Fr.: 1) -ate   

1) A suffix used in chemical terminology, in particular to indicate a salt of an acid ending in -ic and not beginning with → hydro-, such as silicate, nitrate, sulfate.
2) Verbal suffix denoting "to act upon" (in a specific way), "to cause to become."

1) From M.E. -aten, from L. -atus p.p. ending of 1st conjugable verbs.
2) Very likely from N.L. expressions as plumbum acetatum salt produced by the action of acetic acid on lead.

-cide
   -کشی   
-koši (#)

Fr.: -cide   

A suffix meaning "killer; act of killing." → genocide.

M.E., from L. -cida "cutter, killer," -cidium "act of killing," from combining form -cidere, from caedere "to strike down, kill."

-koši, from koštan "to kill," Mid.Pers. kuštan "to kill, to stuggle;" related to košti "fighting, wrestling;" Av. kuš- "to fight, to struggle" (Cheung 2007).

-cline
     
-šib

Fr.: -cline   

A suffix indicating a slope, as in → barocline, → thermocline, → tachocline.

Back formation from incline, → inclination.

Šib, → slope.

-cracy
   -سالاری   
-sâlâri

Fr.: -cracie   

A combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek with the meaning "rule, government, governing body." → theocracy.

From Fr. -cratie, from M.L. -cratia, from Gk. -kratia "power, might; rule; authority," from kratos "strength," from PIE *kre-tes- "power, strength," suffixed form of root *kar-/*ker- "→ hard." "hard."

From sâlâr "leader, chieftain, commander;" Mid.Pers. sâlâr "leader, master;" variant of sardâr "commander, chief, general," from sar "chief, → head," + dâr "having, possessor," from dâštan "to have, to possess," Mid.Pers. dâštan; O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind;" Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support."

-ence
   -اگی، -ایگی، -آیی   
-egi, -igi, -âi, -âyi

Fr.: -ence   

A noun suffix equivalent to → -ance.

-ance.

-ency
     

Fr.: -ence   

A suffix denoting quality or state.

From L. -entia.

-ent
     

Fr.: -ent   

A suffix with the sense "causing or performing an action or existing in a certain condition." Same as → -ant.

From Fr. -ent and directly from L. -entem (nominative -ens), pr.p. suffix of verbs in -ere/-ire.

-eous
   -ای، -مند، -ناک، -ور   
-i, -mand, -nâk, -var

Fr.: -eux   

An adjective forming suffix with the meanings "ccomposed of, resembling, having the nature of."

-ous.

-er
   -گر، -گار، -کار، -آر، -نده   
-gar (#), -gâr (#), -kâr (#), -âr (#), -andé (#)

Fr.: -eur   

A suffix serving as the regular English formative of agent nouns, being attached to verbs of any origin.

M.E. -er(e), corresponding to L. → -or, O.E. -ere; cf. Ger. -er, Sw. -are, Dan. -ere.

-or.


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<< < -es -is -ph 2 P 8 F Abb abs abs abs acc acc aco act ad add adj aer afo agi Ale alg Ali alm Alp alt amb ana Ana Ang ang ann ant ant Ant apl apo app aps arc Arg ari art ass ast ast ast Atl ato ato aub aut Avo axi bac bal ban bar bas bea Bel Bet bia Big bin bio bir bla bla bli blu Boh Bon Bot bow bre bri bro bur cal cal can cap car Car cat cat CCD Cen cen CGS cha cha che che chr cir cir cis cla clo clo clu coa cod coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo Cor Cor cor cos cos cos Cou cou Cra Cre cri cro cub cur cyc cyl Dan dat Dav de- Deb dec dec ded def deg del dem den dep des det dev dia dif dif dig dio Dir dis dis dis dis dis dis div don dou dow dri dur dus dyn dyn ear eas ecl Edd eff Ein eje ele ele ele ele eli emb emi Enc ene ens eph epo equ equ err etc Eul eva evo exc exc exi exo exp exp ext ext f(R fac fam fas fee Fer Fib fig fin Fir Fiv Fle flu fly foo for For Fou fra Fre fri ful fuz Gal Gal Gal gam gas Gau gen gen geo geo geo gia gli gol gra gra gra gra gre gri gui H I Hag hal har hat He- hea hel Hel her Her hid hig Hip hom hor hos hov Hub Hun hyd hyd hyd hyp IC ide ill ima imp imp ina inc ind ind inf inf inf inf ini ins ins int int int int int int int int int inv ion iro irr iso iso ite Jea Jos jun K-T Kep keV kin Koc lac Lam Lan lar Las lat lea lef len lev lig lig lin lin lin liq loa loc log loo low lum lun lun Lym M-t Mag mag mag mag mag mag maj man Mar mas mas mat mea mea mec mem mer mes met met met mic mid mil Min Mir mix mod mod mol mon Mor mou mul mul mys nan nat nat nec Neo neu neu New NGC no nom non non non Nor noz nuc nul num OB obl obs occ oct off Ohm on- ope opi opt opt orb orb ore Ori ort osm out ove ozo pal Pan par par par par pas pea pen per per per per Per pet pha Pho pho pho pho phy Pip Pla pla PLA pla ple plu pol pol pol pol pop pos pos pot Pra pre pre pre Pre pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pse pul pup Qua qua qua qua qua r-p rad rad rad rad rad rad Ram rap rav rea rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rei rel rel rem rep res res res ret rev Rho Rie ril riv rog Ros rot rul S A Sag sam sat sca sca Sch Sco sec sec sec seg sel sem sen set Sgr sha shi sho sid sig sim sin sip ske sli smo soc sof sol sol sol sol sou sou spa spe spe Spe spe sph spi Spi spr SS sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sto str str stu sub sub suc sun sup sup sup sup sur sus sym syn T T Tar tec tem tep tes the the the the thi thr tic tid tim toe top tot tra tra tra tra tri tri tro Tru tur tut typ U A ult unb und uni uni unr upp Urs vac van var veg vel ver vib vio vir vis Voi vor wan wat wav way wea wel whi Wil win WNE wor X-r yel ytt zer zod > >>