An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 14 Search : meridian
celestial meridian
  نیمروزان ِ آسمانی   
nimruzân-e âsmâni (#)

Fr.: méridien céleste   

The great circle on the → celestial sphere, passing through the two → celestial poles and the observer's → zenith.

celestial; → meridian.

ephemeris meridian
  نیمروزان ِ روزیجی   
nimruzân-e ruziji

Fr.: méridien des éphémérides   

A fictitious meridian that rotates independently of the Earth at the uniform rate implicitly defined by → Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT).

ephemeris; → meridian.

geodetic meridian
  نیمروزان ِ زمین‌سنجیک   
nimruzân-e zamin-sanjik

Fr.: méridien géodésique   

The → ellipse through the point in question which passes through the → geodetic poles.

geodetic; → meridian.

Greenwich Meridian
  نیمروزان ِ گرینویچ   
nimruzân-e Greenwich

Fr.: méridien de Greenwich   

The → prime meridian that separates east from west in the same way that the Equator separates north from south. It is defined by the position of the → Airy transit circle.

A borough in southeast London, England, on the Thames River. It is the site of the original Royal Observatory, through which passes the prime meridian, or longitude 0°; → meridian.

local meridian
  نیمروزان ِ محلی   
nimruzân-e mahali

Fr.: méridien local   

The meridian through any particular place, serving as the reference for local time, in contrast to the Greenwich meridian.

local; → meridian.

magnetic meridian
  نیمروزان ِ مغناتیسی   
nimruzân-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: méridien magnétique   

A meridian passing through the Earth's → magnetic poles.

magnetic; → meridian.

meridian
  نیمروزان   
nimruzân (#)

Fr.: méridien   

1) Geography: An imaginary line on the Earth's surface joining the north and south poles at right angles to the equator. See also → local meridian, → prime meridian.
2) Astron.: An imaginary great circle on the → celestial sphere that passes through its poles and the observer's → zenith.

M.E., from O.Fr. meridien, from L. meridianus "of noon, southern," from meridies "noon, south," from meridie "at noon," altered by dissimilation from *medi die, locative of medius "mid-" + dies "day."

Nimruzân, coined by Pers. astronomer (A.D. 973-1048) in his at-Tafhim, from nim "mid-, half" (Mid.Pers. nêm, nêmag "half;" Av. naēma- "half;" cf. Skt. néma- "half") + ruz, → day, + -ân suffix denoting time and place.

meridian angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ نیمروزان   
zâviye-ye nimruzân

Fr.: angle horaire   

Same as hour angle.

meridian; → angle.

meridian circle
  پرهون ِ نیمروزانی   
parhun-e nimruzâni

Fr.: circle méridien   

A telescope with a graduated vertical scale, used to measure the declinations of heavenly bodies and sometimes to determine the time of meridian transits.

meridian; → circle.

meridian instrument
  سازال ِ نیمروزانی   
sâzâl-e nimruzâni

Fr.: instrument méridien   

An instrument designed to observe objects when they cross the meridian.

meridian; → observation.

meridian observation
  نپاهش ِ نیمروزانی   
nepâheš-e nimruzâni

Fr.: observation au méridien   

The observation of a star when it crosses an observer's meridian.

meridian; → observation.

meridian passage
  گذر ِ نیمروزانی   
gozar-e nimruzâni

Fr.: passage au méridien   

The moment when a celestial object crosses an observer's meridian. Same as meridian transit.

meridian; → passage.

Moon's prime meridian
  نیمروزان ِ نخستی ِ مانگ   
nimruzân-e naxosti-ye Mâng

Fr.: méridien origine de la lune   

The line connecting the Moon's north pole with its south pole, and passing through the center of the lunar disk. The longitude of the Moon's prime meridian is zero degrees.

Moon; → prime meridian.

prime meridian
  نیمروزان ِ نخستی   
nimruzân-e noxosti

Fr.: méridien origine   

The meridian at which longitude is defined to be 0°. The meridian running through Greenwich.

primary; → meridian.