An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 82 Search : war
-ward
   -سو   
-su (#)

Fr.: vers   

A suffix denoting spatial or temporal direction, as specified by the initial element. Also -wards (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.E. -weard "toward," literally "turned toward;" PIE *wert- "to turn, wind," from *wer- "to turn, bend;" cf. Pers. gard-, gardidan "to turn, change," → revolve, → evolve.

-su, → direction.

afterward
  پسان، پسانه   
pasân, pasâne

Fr.: après, ensuite, plus tard   

At a later or subsequent time; subsequently.

after; → -ward.

Antlia dwarf
  کوتوله‌ی ِ تلمبه   
kutule-ye Tolombe

Fr.: naine d'Antlia   

A → dwarf spheroidal galaxy located about 4.3 million → light-years from. Earth. It is a very faint object, with an apparent magnitude of 16.2. The galaxy was not discovered until 1997. (PGC 29194) The Antlia Dwarf lies on the outer rim of the Local Group of galaxies, possibly even beyond it, and there is evidence suggesting that it is tidally interacting with another small galaxy, NGC 3109, in the → Hydra constellation.

Antlia; → dwarf.

application software
  نرم‌افزار ِ آتاهشی   
narm-afzâr-e âtâheši

Fr.: logiciel d'application   

A software with a specific function, such as a word processor or game. Contrast with operating system software.

application; → software.

aware
  آگاه   
âgâh (#)

Fr.: conscient   

Having knowledge; conscious; informed; alert. → awareness.

M.E., variant of iwar, O.E. gewær; cf. O.S. giwar, M.Du. gheware, O.H.G. giwar, Ger. gewahr.

Âgâh "aware, knowing," related to negâh "look, attention;" Mid.Pers. âkâh; Av. ākas- "to look;" Proto-Iranian *kas- "to look, appear;" cf. Skt. kāś- "to become visible, appear;" Gk. tekmar, tekmor "sign, mark;"

awareness
  آگاهی   
âgâhi (#)

Fr.: conscience   

The state or condition of being aware; having knowledge; consciousness (Dictionary.com).
See also: → Space Situational Awareness.

aware; → -ness.

backward
  پس-سو   
pas-su

Fr.: en arrière   

1) Toward the back or rear.
2) Directed toward the back or past.

back; → -ward.

backwarming effect
  ا ُسکر ِ فروگرمی   
oskar-e forugarmi

Fr.: effet de rétro-réchauffement   

A sort of → greenhouse effect in → stellar atmospheres where the deeper layers heat up due to overlying → opacity. The presence of numerous → bound-bound opacities of → metals amplifies the → scattering of → photons, in particular their → backscattering, forcing the → temperature to increase in order to conserve the radiation flux and the transport of energy from the interior to the outer parts of the atmosphere.

back; → warming; → effect.

blue compact dwarf galaxy
  کهکشان ِ کوتوله‌ی ِ آبی ِ همپک   
kahkešân-e kutule-ye âbi-ye hampak

Fr.: galaxie naine bleue compacte   

An small → irregular galaxy undergoing → violent star formation activity. These objects appear blue by reason of containing clusters of hot, → massive stars which ionize the surrounding interstellar gas. They are chemically unevolved since their → metallicity is only 1/3 to 1/30 of the solar value. Same as → H II galaxy.

blue; → compact; → dwarf; → galaxy.

brown dwarf
  کوتوله‌ی ِ قهوه‌ای   
kutule-ye qahvei

Fr.: naine brune   

A star-like object whose mass is too small to sustain → hydrogen fusion in its interior and become a star. Brown dwarfs are → substellar objects and occupy an intermediate regime between those of stars and giant planets. With a mass less than 0.08 times that of the Sun (about 80 → Jupiter masses), nuclear reactions in the core of brown dwarfs are limited to the transformation of → deuterium into 3He. The reason is that the cores of these objects are supported against → gravitational collapse by electron → degeneracy pressure (at early spectral types) and → Coulomb pressure (at later spectral types). Brown dwarfs, as ever cooling objects, will have late M dwarf spectral types within a few Myrs of their formation and gradually evolve as L, T and Y dwarfs → brown dwarf cooling. As late-M and early-L dwarfs, they overlap in temperature with the cool end of the stellar → main sequence (→ M dwarf, → L dwarf, → T dwarf, → Y dwarf). In contrast to the OBAFGKM sequence, the M-L-T-Y sequence is an evolutionary one. These objects were first postulated by Kumar (1963, ApJ 137, 1121 & 1126) and Hayashi & Nakano (1963, Prog. Theor.Phys. 30, 460).

The term brown dwarf was first used by Jill Tarter in her 1975 PhD thesis; → brown; → dwarf.

brown dwarf cooling
  سردش ِ کوتوله‌ی ِ قهوه‌ای   
sardeš-e kutule-ye qahve-yi

Fr.: refroidissement de naine brune   

The process whereby a → brown dwarf cools over time after the → deuterium burning phase, which lasts a few 107 years. The → effective temperature and luminosity decrease depending on the mass, age, and → metallicity. Even though massive brown dwarfs may start out with star-like luminosity (≥ 10-3solar luminosities), they progressively fade with age to the point where, after 0.5 Gyr all → substellar objects are less luminous than the dimmest, lowest mass stars. More explicitly, brown dwarfs may start as star-like objects hotter than 2200 K, with → M dwarf spectral types, and, as they get older, pass through the later and cooler L, T, and Y spectral types (→ L dwarf, → T dwarf, → Y dwarf).

brown; → dwarf; → cooling.

brown dwarf desert
  کویر ِ کوتوله‌های ِ قهوه‌ای   
kavir-e kutulehâ-ye qahvei

Fr.: désert des naines brunes   

The observational result indicating a deficit in the frequency of → brown dwarf companions to Sun-like stars, either relative to the frequency of less massive planetary companions or relative to the frequency of more massive stellar companions. However, this desert exists mainly for low-separation brown dwarfs detected using orbital velocity surveys. No brown dwarf desert is noticed at wide separations (J. E. Gizis et al. 2001, ApJ 551, L163).

brown; → dwarf; → desert.

DA white dwarf
  سفید‌کوتوله‌ی ِ DA   
sefid kutule-ye DA

Fr.: naine blanche DA   

A → white dwarf whose spectrum shows the → Balmer lines of hydrogen only, with no helium or metals.

D short for → dwarf; A a convention; → white.

DB white dwarf
  سفید‌کوتوله‌ی ِ DB   
sefid kutule-ye DB

Fr.: naine blanche DB   

A → white dwarf whose spectrum shows strong He I in the absence of hydrogen or metal lines.

D short for → dwarf; B a convention; → white.

DC white dwarf
  سفید‌کوتوله‌ی ِ DC   
sefid kutule-ye DC

Fr.: naine blanche DC   

A → white dwarf showing a continuous spectrum with no readily apparent lines.

D short for → dwarf; C a convention; → white.

degenerate dwarf
  کوتوله‌ی ِ واگن   
kutule-ye vâgen

Fr.: naine dégénérée   

Same as → white dwarf.

degenerate; → dwarf.

dewar
  دو‌ءر   
dewar

Fr.: dewar, vase dewar   

Insulated bottle containing a cryogenic fluid. The electronic detectors operated at very low temperature are mounted inside a dewar.

Named after its inventor Sir James Dewar (1842-1923), Scottish chemist and physicist.

DO white dwarf
  سفید‌کوتوله‌ی ِ DO   
sefid kutule-ye DO

Fr.: naine blanche DO   

A → white dwarf whose spectrum shows strong lines of singly ionized helium He II; He I or H may be present. As a DO star cools, the He II will recombine with free electrons to form He I, eventually changing the DO type into a DB white dwarf.

D short for → dwarf; O a convention; → white.

double white dwarf
  سفیدکوتوله‌ی ِ دوتایی   
sefid kutule-ye dotâyi

Fr.: naine blanche double   

A → double-lined binary with two → white dwarf components. Short-period double white dwarfs can lose → orbital angular momentum by emitting → gravitational radiation and if the total mass of the binary exceeds the → Chandrasekhar limit, their eventual → merger might produce a → Type Ia supernova.

double; → white; → dwarf.

DQ white dwarf
  سفید‌کوتوله‌ی ِ DQ   
sefid kutule-ye DQ

Fr.: naine blanche DQ   

A → white dwarf whose spectrum shows carbon features of any kind.

D short for → dwarf; Q a convention; → white.


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