An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

A → red supergiant star in the → constellation → Cepheus. It is one of the largest and most luminous stars known in the → Milky Way. μ Cephei appears garnet red and is given the → spectral type of M2 Ia. The star may even be the largest star visible to the → naked eye with an estimated radius of 1.15 billion kilometres. If it replaced the Sun, it would extend beyond the orbit of Saturn. Some of its → physical parameters are: mass = 15 Msol; → radius = 1650 Rsol; → luminosity = 60 x 10⁴ Lsol; → effective temperature = 3690 K. Also called Herschel’s → Garnet star.

See also: Cephei, genitive of → Cepheus.

A → red supergiant star in the → constellation → Cepheus. It is one of the largest and most luminous stars known in the → Milky Way. μ Cephei appears garnet red and is given the → spectral type of M2 Ia. The star may even be the largest star visible to the → naked eye with an estimated radius of 1.15 billion kilometres. If it replaced the Sun, it would extend beyond the orbit of Saturn. Some of its → physical parameters are: mass = 15 Msol; → radius = 1650 Rsol; → luminosity = 60 x 10⁴ Lsol; → effective temperature = 3690 K. Also called Herschel’s → Garnet star.

See also: Cephei, genitive of → Cepheus.

The → sterile offspring of a female horse and a male donkey.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.E. mul, from O.Fr. mul “mule, hinny,” from L. mulus “a mule,” probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.

Etymology (PE): Astar, from Mid.Pers. astar, ultimately from *asa-tara-, literally “horse related,” from *asa- variant of aspa-, → horse, + -tara- a suffix of relation and comparative adjectives; cf. Skt. asvátara- “mule.”

The → sterile offspring of a female horse and a male donkey.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.E. mul, from O.Fr. mul “mule, hinny,” from L. mulus “a mule,” probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.

Etymology (PE): Astar, from Mid.Pers. astar, ultimately from *asa-tara-, literally “horse related,” from *asa- variant of aspa-, → horse, + -tara- a suffix of relation and comparative adjectives; cf. Skt. asvátara- “mule.”

A combining form meaning “many, much, multiple, many times, more than one, more than two, composed of many like parts, in many respects.”

Etymology (EN): From L. multus “much, many,” from PIE base *mel- “strong, great, numerous;” cf. L. melior “better,” Gk. mala “very, very much.”

Etymology (PE): Bas-, from bas “many, much;” Mid.Pers. vas “many, much;” O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish.”

A combining form meaning “many, much, multiple, many times, more than one, more than two, composed of many like parts, in many respects.”

Etymology (EN): From L. multus “much, many,” from PIE base *mel- “strong, great, numerous;” cf. L. melior “better,” Gk. mala “very, very much.”

Etymology (PE): Bas-, from bas “many, much;” Mid.Pers. vas “many, much;” O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish.”

A technique of spectroscopy using fiber optics whereby several objects distributed over the field of view can be observed simultaneously.

See also: → multi-; → object;
→ spectroscopy.

A technique of spectroscopy using fiber optics whereby several objects distributed over the field of view can be observed simultaneously.

See also: → multi-; → object;
→ spectroscopy.

Of an approach or study that juxtaposes disciplinary perspectives, adding breadth and available knowledge, information, and methods. The involved disciplines speak as separate voices in encyclopedic alignment. The status quo is not interrogated, and disciplinary elements retain their original identity. See also → interdisciplinary and
→ transdisciplinary
(Thompson Klein, J. 2010, Creating Interdisciplinary Campus Culture, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.).

See also: → multi-; → disciplinary.

Of an approach or study that juxtaposes disciplinary perspectives, adding breadth and available knowledge, information, and methods. The involved disciplines speak as separate voices in encyclopedic alignment. The status quo is not interrogated, and disciplinary elements retain their original identity. See also → interdisciplinary and
→ transdisciplinary
(Thompson Klein, J. 2010, Creating Interdisciplinary Campus Culture, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.).

See also: → multi-; → disciplinary.

A stellar system with more than one orbiting planet.

See also: → multi-; → planet; → system.

A stellar system with more than one orbiting planet.

See also: → multi-; → planet; → system.

Consisting of, having, or involving several or many individuals, parts, elements, etc.
Math.: A number that contains another number an integral number of times without a remainder: 25 is a multiple of 5.

Etymology (EN): From Fr. multiple, from L.L. multiplus “manifold,” from L. → multi- “many, much” + -plus “fold,” from base of plicare “to fold, twist.”

Etymology (PE): Bastâ-, from bas “many, much” (Mid.Pers. vas “many, much;” O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish”) + tâ “fold, plait, ply; piece, part,” also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg “piece, part.”

Consisting of, having, or involving several or many individuals, parts, elements, etc.
Math.: A number that contains another number an integral number of times without a remainder: 25 is a multiple of 5.

Etymology (EN): From Fr. multiple, from L.L. multiplus “manifold,” from L. → multi- “many, much” + -plus “fold,” from base of plicare “to fold, twist.”

Etymology (PE): Bastâ-, from bas “many, much” (Mid.Pers. vas “many, much;” O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish”) + tâ “fold, plait, ply; piece, part,” also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg “piece, part.”

The division of a relatively long exposure into several successive shorter ones, e.g. to avoid detector saturation.

See also: → multiple; → exposure.

The division of a relatively long exposure into several successive shorter ones, e.g. to avoid detector saturation.

See also: → multiple; → exposure.

A series of successive integrations in which the integral operator acts on the result of preceding integration.

See also: → multiple; → integral.

A series of successive integrations in which the integral operator acts on the result of preceding integration.

See also: → multiple; → integral.

A process of → radiative transfer in which more than one → scattering event may be of importance before → transmission, → reflection, or → absorption. In → radiation-driven winds photon scattering can take place in different → spectral lines. Each scattering occurs in a different spectral line, and successive scatterings occur at lower energies (longer wavelength). The standard theory of line driving (→ CAK model) assumes that photons can be scattered only once in the wind, which is a reasonable assumption for normal → O stars. In
→ Wolf-Rayet stars, where photons evolve in an atmosphere with a strong → ionization stratification, multiple scattering is important. Indeed the strength of W-R winds appears to exceed the single scattering limit.

See also: → multiple; → scattering.

A process of → radiative transfer in which more than one → scattering event may be of importance before → transmission, → reflection, or → absorption. In → radiation-driven winds photon scattering can take place in different → spectral lines. Each scattering occurs in a different spectral line, and successive scatterings occur at lower energies (longer wavelength). The standard theory of line driving (→ CAK model) assumes that photons can be scattered only once in the wind, which is a reasonable assumption for normal → O stars. In
→ Wolf-Rayet stars, where photons evolve in an atmosphere with a strong → ionization stratification, multiple scattering is important. Indeed the strength of W-R winds appears to exceed the single scattering limit.

See also: → multiple; → scattering.

A star which appears single but is in fact composed of more than two components. See also → multiple star system; → binary star; → triple star.

See also: → multiple; → star.

A star which appears single but is in fact composed of more than two components. See also → multiple star system; → binary star; → triple star.

See also: → multiple; → star.

A stellar system composed of several stars bound together by gravitational attraction and revolving around a common center of mass.

See also: → multiple; → star;
→ system.

A stellar system composed of several stars bound together by gravitational attraction and revolving around a common center of mass.

See also: → multiple; → star;
→ system.

1. A system consisting of several → components.
   

   2. → multiple star system.

See also: → multiple; → system.

1. A system consisting of several → components.
   

   2. → multiple star system.

See also: → multiple; → system.

A group of spectral lines arising from transitions having a common lower energy level.

Etymology (EN): From → multi- + -plet on the model of triplet.

Etymology (PE): Bastâyé, from bastâ-→ multi- + euphonic -yé, from -é nuance suffix.

A group of spectral lines arising from transitions having a common lower energy level.

Etymology (EN): From → multi- + -plet on the model of triplet.

Etymology (PE): Bastâyé, from bastâ-→ multi- + euphonic -yé, from -é nuance suffix.

A number to be multiplied by another.

Etymology (EN): From L. multiplicandum, from multiplicandus “to be multiplied,” gerundive of multiplicare, → multiply.

Etymology (PE): Bastâšow, literally “that undergoes multiplication,” from bastâ, → multiple, + šow, present stem and agent noun of šodan “to become, to be, to be doing, to go, to pass,” from Mid.Pers. šudan, šaw- “to go;” Av. šiyav-, š(ii)auu- “to move, go,” šiyavati “goes,” šyaoθna- “activity; action; doing, working;” O.Pers. šiyav- “to go forth, set,” ašiyavam “I set forth;” cf. Skt. cyu- “to move to and fro, shake about; to stir,” cyávate “stirs himself, goes;” Gk. kinein “to move;” Goth. haitan “call, be called;” O.E. hatan “command, call;” PIE base *kei- “to move to and fro.”

A number to be multiplied by another.

Etymology (EN): From L. multiplicandum, from multiplicandus “to be multiplied,” gerundive of multiplicare, → multiply.

Etymology (PE): Bastâšow, literally “that undergoes multiplication,” from bastâ, → multiple, + šow, present stem and agent noun of šodan “to become, to be, to be doing, to go, to pass,” from Mid.Pers. šudan, šaw- “to go;” Av. šiyav-, š(ii)auu- “to move, go,” šiyavati “goes,” šyaoθna- “activity; action; doing, working;” O.Pers. šiyav- “to go forth, set,” ašiyavam “I set forth;” cf. Skt. cyu- “to move to and fro, shake about; to stir,” cyávate “stirs himself, goes;” Gk. kinein “to move;” Goth. haitan “call, be called;” O.E. hatan “command, call;” PIE base *kei- “to move to and fro.”

In general, the process of repeatedly adding a quantity to itself a certain number of times, or any other process which has the same result.

See also: Verbal noun of → multiply.

In general, the process of repeatedly adding a quantity to itself a certain number of times, or any other process which has the same result.

See also: Verbal noun of → multiply.

The sign used to indicate multiplication, either a times sign (×), a centered dot (·), or an asterisk. The multiplication sign was introduced by William Oughtred in 1631.

See also: → multiplication; → sign.

The sign used to indicate multiplication, either a times sign (×), a centered dot (·), or an asterisk. The multiplication sign was introduced by William Oughtred in 1631.

See also: → multiplication; → sign.

Involving → multiplication.

See also: From multiplicate, → multiply, + → -ive.

Involving → multiplication.

See also: From multiplicate, → multiply, + → -ive.

The number which when used as the multiplier of another number leaves the second unchanged; one.

See also: → multiplicative; → identity.

The number which when used as the multiplier of another number leaves the second unchanged; one.

See also: → multiplicative; → identity.

The number which when used as a multiplier of another number (except 0) produces 1. For example (1/5) x 5 = 1; each of the numbers is the multiplicative inverse of the other.

See also: → multiplicative; → inverse.

The number which when used as a multiplier of another number (except 0) produces 1. For example (1/5) x 5 = 1; each of the numbers is the multiplicative inverse of the other.

See also: → multiplicative; → inverse.

1. The state of being multiple, made of several components.
   

2. In atomic and nuclear physics, the number of → levels into which the energy of an atom, molecule, or nucleus splits as a result of
   → Russell-Saunders coupling between → orbital angular momentum and → spin angular momentum. It is given by 2S+1, where S is the total electron → spin quantum number. The multiplicity of an energy level is indicated by a left superscript to the value of L, where L is the resultant electron orbital angular momentum of the individual electron orbital angular momenta.
   

3. In → statistical mechanics, the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate.

See also: → multiple; → -ity.

1. The state of being multiple, made of several components.
   

2. In atomic and nuclear physics, the number of → levels into which the energy of an atom, molecule, or nucleus splits as a result of
   → Russell-Saunders coupling between → orbital angular momentum and → spin angular momentum. It is given by 2S+1, where S is the total electron → spin quantum number. The multiplicity of an energy level is indicated by a left superscript to the value of L, where L is the resultant electron orbital angular momentum of the individual electron orbital angular momenta.
   

3. In → statistical mechanics, the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate.

See also: → multiple; → -ity.

Arithmetic: A number by which another is multiplied. Physics: A device for intensifying some effect.

Etymology (EN): Agent noun of → multiply.

Arithmetic: A number by which another is multiplied. Physics: A device for intensifying some effect.

Etymology (EN): Agent noun of → multiply.

To make many or manifold; increase the number, quantity, etc., of.
Arithmetic: To find the product of by multiplication.

Etymology (EN): O.Fr. multiplier, from L. multiplicare “to increase,” from multiplex (gen. multiplicis) “having many folds, many times as great in number,” from multi- “many” + base of plicare “to lay, fold, twist.”

Etymology (PE): Bastâyidan, from bastâ, → multiple,

• -idan infinitive suffix.

To make many or manifold; increase the number, quantity, etc., of.
Arithmetic: To find the product of by multiplication.

Etymology (EN): O.Fr. multiplier, from L. multiplicare “to increase,” from multiplex (gen. multiplicis) “having many folds, many times as great in number,” from multi- “many” + base of plicare “to lay, fold, twist.”

Etymology (PE): Bastâyidan, from bastâ, → multiple,

• -idan infinitive suffix.

An entity consisting of several poles.

See also: → multi-; → pole.

An entity consisting of several poles.

See also: → multi-; → pole.

A variable used in → spherical harmonic expansions. Each spherical harmonic is characterized by its multipole index l: l = 0 for a → monopole, l = 1 for a → dipole, and so on. It is used in particular to describe the
→ cosmic microwave background anisotropy:

ΔT/T₀ (θ,φ) = Σ a_lmY_lm(θ,φ), where θ and φ are the → spherical polar coordinates, Y_lm is the → spherical harmonic functions, and the sum runs over l = 1, 2, …, ∞ and m = -l, …, l, where the multipole index l corresponds to angular scales ≅ 180°/l.

See also: → multipole; → index.

A variable used in → spherical harmonic expansions. Each spherical harmonic is characterized by its multipole index l: l = 0 for a → monopole, l = 1 for a → dipole, and so on. It is used in particular to describe the
→ cosmic microwave background anisotropy:

ΔT/T₀ (θ,φ) = Σ a_lmY_lm(θ,φ), where θ and φ are the → spherical polar coordinates, Y_lm is the → spherical harmonic functions, and the sum runs over l = 1, 2, …, ∞ and m = -l, …, l, where the multipole index l corresponds to angular scales ≅ 180°/l.

See also: → multipole; → index.

The quantity that gives the electric potential field due to a distribution of charges, such as a → dipole, → quadrupole, → octupole, etc. A multipole moment usually involves powers of the distance to the origin, as well as some angular dependence.

See also: → multi-; → pole; → moment.

The quantity that gives the electric potential field due to a distribution of charges, such as a → dipole, → quadrupole, → octupole, etc. A multipole moment usually involves powers of the distance to the origin, as well as some angular dependence.

See also: → multi-; → pole; → moment.

1. A great number.
   

2. A great number of people gathered together; crowd; throng.
   

3. The state or character of being many; numerousness.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.Fr. multitude and directly from L. multitudo “a great number, a crowd; the common people,” from multus “many, much,” → multi-, + suffix -tudo “-tude.”

Etymology (PE): Basiné, from basin + superlative of bas “many, much,” → multi-, + suffix -in + -é noun/nuance suffix (as bišiné, kaminé, etc.).

1. A great number.
   

2. A great number of people gathered together; crowd; throng.
   

3. The state or character of being many; numerousness.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.Fr. multitude and directly from L. multitudo “a great number, a crowd; the common people,” from multus “many, much,” → multi-, + suffix -tudo “-tude.”

Etymology (PE): Basiné, from basin + superlative of bas “many, much,” → multi-, + suffix -in + -é noun/nuance suffix (as bišiné, kaminé, etc.).

Statistics: Having more than one → variable.

See also: → multi-; → variate.

Statistics: Having more than one → variable.

See also: → multi-; → variate.

A → time series consisting of two or more → univariate time series which share the same time period. As an example, if we record wind velocity and wind direction at the same instant of time, we have a multi-variate time series, specifically a bivariate one.

See also: → multivariate; → time; → series.

A → time series consisting of two or more → univariate time series which share the same time period. As an example, if we record wind velocity and wind direction at the same instant of time, we have a multi-variate time series, specifically a bivariate one.

See also: → multivariate; → time; → series.

A → hypothetical set of → multiple universes, including our → Universe, that together comprise all of physical reality.

Etymology (EN): Initially coined by William James (1895) “an alternative to universe meant to convey absence of order and unity.” In modern cosmology coined from -verse in → universe, by replacing uni- with
multi- to denote “multiple universes.”

Etymology (PE): Gitigân, from giti, → universe, + -gân multiplicity suffix.

A → hypothetical set of → multiple universes, including our → Universe, that together comprise all of physical reality.

Etymology (EN): Initially coined by William James (1895) “an alternative to universe meant to convey absence of order and unity.” In modern cosmology coined from -verse in → universe, by replacing uni- with
multi- to denote “multiple universes.”

Etymology (PE): Gitigân, from giti, → universe, + -gân multiplicity suffix.

Same as → Charpak’s detector.

See also: → multi-; → wire; → proportional;
→ chamber.

Same as → Charpak’s detector.

See also: → multi-; → wire; → proportional;
→ chamber.

A short-lived → elementary particle with negative → electric charge, represented by the symbol μ^-. The muon was discovered in 1936 by Carl Anderson (1905-1991) in → cosmic rays. It shares several properties with the electron: it is a → lepton with the same charge and → spin as the electron. But it is heavier than the electron (105 MeV/c²), about 200 times more massive. The muon is instable and decays after 2.197 × 10^-6 s into → electron, → neutrino, and → antineutrino (μ^-→ e^- + ν_μ + anti ν_e) .

See also: A shortening of mu meson, from mu the 12th letter of the Gk. alphabet, + → meson.

A short-lived → elementary particle with negative → electric charge, represented by the symbol μ^-. The muon was discovered in 1936 by Carl Anderson (1905-1991) in → cosmic rays. It shares several properties with the electron: it is a → lepton with the same charge and → spin as the electron. But it is heavier than the electron (105 MeV/c²), about 200 times more massive. The muon is instable and decays after 2.197 × 10^-6 s into → electron, → neutrino, and → antineutrino (μ^-→ e^- + ν_μ + anti ν_e) .

See also: A shortening of mu meson, from mu the 12th letter of the Gk. alphabet, + → meson.

An → instrument used in → geophysics to determine the average → density of geological bodies by measuring the → attenuation produced by → rocks on the flux of → atmospheric muons. This density muon → radiography is or example used to
study the physical conditions inside → volcanoes.

See also: → muon; → telescope.

An → instrument used in → geophysics to determine the average → density of geological bodies by measuring the → attenuation produced by → rocks on the flux of → atmospheric muons. This density muon → radiography is or example used to
study the physical conditions inside → volcanoes.

See also: → muon; → telescope.

Of, relating to, or resembling a wall.

Etymology (EN): From M.Fr. muraille, from L. muralia, neut. pl. o f muralis “of a wall,” from murus “wall.”

Etymology (PE): Divâri “of a wall,” from divâr “wall,” from Mid.Pers. dîvâr “wall;” related to Mid.Pers. bâr, var “enclosure, defences, fortress;” Mod.Pers. bâru “wall, rampart, fortification; fort; tower;” O.Pers. didā- “wall, stronghold, fortress;” Av. var- “castle,” from var- “to cover, conceil;” Proto-Iranian *dida-vāra-; cf. Skt. dehī- “wall;” Gk. teikhos “wall;” E. dike, ditch.

Of, relating to, or resembling a wall.

Etymology (EN): From M.Fr. muraille, from L. muralia, neut. pl. o f muralis “of a wall,” from murus “wall.”

Etymology (PE): Divâri “of a wall,” from divâr “wall,” from Mid.Pers. dîvâr “wall;” related to Mid.Pers. bâr, var “enclosure, defences, fortress;” Mod.Pers. bâru “wall, rampart, fortification; fort; tower;” O.Pers. didā- “wall, stronghold, fortress;” Av. var- “castle,” from var- “to cover, conceil;” Proto-Iranian *dida-vāra-; cf. Skt. dehī- “wall;” Gk. teikhos “wall;” E. dike, ditch.

An angle measuring device mounted on or built into a wall. For astronomical purposes, these walls were oriented so they lie precisely on a meridian.

See also: → mural; → instrument.

An angle measuring device mounted on or built into a wall. For astronomical purposes, these walls were oriented so they lie precisely on a meridian.

See also: → mural; → instrument.

A → mural instrument used to determine stellar positions. The quadrant consisted of a wall supporting a 90° graduated arc carefully oriented to the meridian. By means of a movable arm equipped with a sight, the altitude of a star could be determined at meridian passage.

See also: → mural; → quadrant.

A → mural instrument used to determine stellar positions. The quadrant consisted of a wall supporting a 90° graduated arc carefully oriented to the meridian. By means of a movable arm equipped with a sight, the altitude of a star could be determined at meridian passage.

See also: → mural; → quadrant.

1. The crime of unlawfully killing a person especially with malice aforethought.
   

2. To kill (a human being) unlawfully and with premeditated malice (Merriam-Webster).

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.E. morðor “secret killing of a person, unlawful killing;” cf. O.Sax. morth, O.Fris. morth, O.Nor. morð, M.Du. moort, Du. moord, Ger. Mord “murder;” akin to Pers. mordan, marg, → death.

Etymology (PE): Qané, from Av. -γna- “slaying, strike;” Skt. ghana- “slaying;”
Gk. phonos “murder;” Proto-Ir. *gan- “to strike to;” (Zazaki Kor) gin- “to strike, hit;” Ossetic (I.) qæn, (D.) ænæ “wound, fracture,” also (D.) “guilt, transgression;” PIE *g^whono- “slaying.”

1. The crime of unlawfully killing a person especially with malice aforethought.
   

2. To kill (a human being) unlawfully and with premeditated malice (Merriam-Webster).

Etymology (EN): M.E., from O.E. morðor “secret killing of a person, unlawful killing;” cf. O.Sax. morth, O.Fris. morth, O.Nor. morð, M.Du. moort, Du. moord, Ger. Mord “murder;” akin to Pers. mordan, marg, → death.

Etymology (PE): Qané, from Av. -γna- “slaying, strike;” Skt. ghana- “slaying;”
Gk. phonos “murder;” Proto-Ir. *gan- “to strike to;” (Zazaki Kor) gin- “to strike, hit;” Ossetic (I.) qæn, (D.) ænæ “wound, fracture,” also (D.) “guilt, transgression;” PIE *g^whono- “slaying.”

One who murders; especially : one who commits the crime of murder (Merriam-Webster).

See also: → murder; → -er.

One who murders; especially : one who commits the crime of murder (Merriam-Webster).

See also: → murder; → -er.

Having the purpose or capability of murder. Characterized by or causing murder or bloodshed (Merriam-Webster).

See also: → murder; → -ous.

Having the purpose or capability of murder. Characterized by or causing murder or bloodshed (Merriam-Webster).

See also: → murder; → -ous.

The Fly. A minor constellation in the south → circumpolar region, lying south of → Crux, at 13h right ascension, 70° south declination. Its brightest star is of magnitude 2.7. Abbreviation: Mus; genitive: Muscae.

Etymology (EN): L. musca “fly” (Fr. mouche); Gk. muia “fly;” O.H.G. mucka “mosquito;” from PIE base *mu-.

Etymology (PE): Magas “a fly” (dialectal Aftari maqes; Tabari maqez, mahaz, maxši; Kurd. mêš, megez); Mid.Pers. magas, maxs “fly;” Av. maxši- “fly, mosquito;” cf. Skt. maśáka-, maks- “fly, mosquito;” PIE base *mako-.

The Fly. A minor constellation in the south → circumpolar region, lying south of → Crux, at 13h right ascension, 70° south declination. Its brightest star is of magnitude 2.7. Abbreviation: Mus; genitive: Muscae.

Etymology (EN): L. musca “fly” (Fr. mouche); Gk. muia “fly;” O.H.G. mucka “mosquito;” from PIE base *mu-.

Etymology (PE): Magas “a fly” (dialectal Aftari maqes; Tabari maqez, mahaz, maxši; Kurd. mêš, megez); Mid.Pers. magas, maxs “fly;” Av. maxši- “fly, mosquito;” cf. Skt. maśáka-, maks- “fly, mosquito;” PIE base *mako-.

1. A tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or part.
   

   2. An organ composed of muscle tissue (TheFreeDictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): From M.Fr. muscle “muscle, sinew” and directly from L. musculus “a muscle,” literally “little mouse,” diminutive of mus “mouse;” → -ule. So called because the shape and movement of some muscles (notably biceps) were thought to resemble mice.

Etymology (PE): Mâhice, literally “small fish, fish form,” because of apparent resemblance of some muscles to fish, from mâhi, → fish, + -ce diminutive/similarity suffix; variant mâyce.

1. A tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or part.
   

   2. An organ composed of muscle tissue (TheFreeDictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): From M.Fr. muscle “muscle, sinew” and directly from L. musculus “a muscle,” literally “little mouse,” diminutive of mus “mouse;” → -ule. So called because the shape and movement of some muscles (notably biceps) were thought to resemble mice.

Etymology (PE): Mâhice, literally “small fish, fish form,” because of apparent resemblance of some muscles to fish, from mâhi, → fish, + -ce diminutive/similarity suffix; variant mâyce.

A sudden, random change in the genetic material of a cell. → commute.

Etymology (EN): From L. mutationem (nominative mutatio) “a changing,” from mutatus, p.p. of mutare “to change,” from PIE base *mei- “to change, go, move;” cf. Av. miθô “inverted, false,” miθaoxta-
“wrong spoken;” Skt. methati “changes, alternates,
joins, meets,” mith- “to alternate, meet,” mithás “opposite, in opposition;” L. meare
“to go, pass,” mutuus “done in exchange;” Goth.
maidjan “to change;” E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Etymology (PE): Muteš, verbal noun of mutidan,
from L. mutare, cognate with Av. miθô, as above,

• -idan infinitive suffix.

A sudden, random change in the genetic material of a cell. → commute.

Etymology (EN): From L. mutationem (nominative mutatio) “a changing,” from mutatus, p.p. of mutare “to change,” from PIE base *mei- “to change, go, move;” cf. Av. miθô “inverted, false,” miθaoxta-
“wrong spoken;” Skt. methati “changes, alternates,
joins, meets,” mith- “to alternate, meet,” mithás “opposite, in opposition;” L. meare
“to go, pass,” mutuus “done in exchange;” Goth.
maidjan “to change;” E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Etymology (PE): Muteš, verbal noun of mutidan,
from L. mutare, cognate with Av. miθô, as above,

• -idan infinitive suffix.

1a) Silent; refraining from speech or utterance.

1b) Not emitting or having sound of any kind.

2a) To turn off (a microphone, a speaker, or audio.

2b) To muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): M.E. muet, mewet, muwet, from O.Fr. müet, muet “dumb, mute,” from L. mutus “silent, dumb,” ultimately from PIE imitative base *meue-; cf. Skt. mûka- “dumb;” Gk. mukos, mutis “dumb,” myein “to be shut” (of the mouth); Iranian Khotanese mutä “dumb.”

Etymology (PE): Xab, from Pers. xab “silent, mute,” variants xape, xafe, xabak, xabâk “choked, strangled.”

1a) Silent; refraining from speech or utterance.

1b) Not emitting or having sound of any kind.

2a) To turn off (a microphone, a speaker, or audio.

2b) To muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): M.E. muet, mewet, muwet, from O.Fr. müet, muet “dumb, mute,” from L. mutus “silent, dumb,” ultimately from PIE imitative base *meue-; cf. Skt. mûka- “dumb;” Gk. mukos, mutis “dumb,” myein “to be shut” (of the mouth); Iranian Khotanese mutä “dumb.”

Etymology (PE): Xab, from Pers. xab “silent, mute,” variants xape, xafe, xabak, xabâk “choked, strangled.”

An inability to speak, due to a physical defect, conscious refusal, or psychogenic inhibition (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): → mute; → -ism.

Etymology (PE): Xabur, from xab, → mute, + -ur a possession suffix (as in ranjur, ganjur) variant of -var.

An inability to speak, due to a physical defect, conscious refusal, or psychogenic inhibition (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): → mute; → -ism.

Etymology (PE): Xabur, from xab, → mute, + -ur a possession suffix (as in ranjur, ganjur) variant of -var.

Possessed, experienced, performed, etc., by each of two or more with respect to the other; reciprocal.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from M.Fr. mutuel, from L. mutu(us) “reciprocal, done in exchange,” from PIE base *mei- “to change,” → mutation.

Etymology (PE): Dosuyé from do, → two, + su “side, direction,” from Mid.Pers. sôk “direction, side” + nuance suffix -é.

Possessed, experienced, performed, etc., by each of two or more with respect to the other; reciprocal.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from M.Fr. mutuel, from L. mutu(us) “reciprocal, done in exchange,” from PIE base *mei- “to change,” → mutation.

Etymology (PE): Dosuyé from do, → two, + su “side, direction,” from Mid.Pers. sôk “direction, side” + nuance suffix -é.

In → probability theory, of or pertaining to two → events A and B, if they cannot occur together, i.e. the occurrence of one precludes the occurrence of the other: A ∩ B = 0.

See also: → mutual; → -ly; → exclusive.

In → probability theory, of or pertaining to two → events A and B, if they cannot occur together, i.e. the occurrence of one precludes the occurrence of the other: A ∩ B = 0.

See also: → mutual; → -ly; → exclusive.