An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Having the general form, shape, or outline of an egg; ellipsoidal or elliptical.

Etymology (EN): From M.L. ovalis “egg-shaped,” from L. ovum “egg,” cognate with Pers. xâg, as below.

Etymology (PE): Xâgi “egg-shaped,” literally “pertaining to an egg,” from xâg “egg,” Lori, Laki xâ, Pash. hâ “egg,” Ossetic ajk “egg,”
Khotanese āhaa- “egg;” variant xâyé “egg; testicle;” Mid.Pers. xâyak “egg;” Av. aēm/aiam “egg;” cf.
Gk. oion, L. ovum, as above; Goth. ada; O.E. æg;
Ger. Ei; PIE *owyo-/*oyyo- “egg.”

Having the general form, shape, or outline of an egg; ellipsoidal or elliptical.

Etymology (EN): From M.L. ovalis “egg-shaped,” from L. ovum “egg,” cognate with Pers. xâg, as below.

Etymology (PE): Xâgi “egg-shaped,” literally “pertaining to an egg,” from xâg “egg,” Lori, Laki xâ, Pash. hâ “egg,” Ossetic ajk “egg,”
Khotanese āhaa- “egg;” variant xâyé “egg; testicle;” Mid.Pers. xâyak “egg;” Av. aēm/aiam “egg;” cf.
Gk. oion, L. ovum, as above; Goth. ada; O.E. æg;
Ger. Ei; PIE *owyo-/*oyyo- “egg.”

An enclosed heated compartment or receptacle for cooking and heating food.

Etymology (EN): From M.E. oven, from O.E. ofen “furnace, oven;” cf. Du. oven, O.H.G. ovan, Ger. Ofen, O.Norse ofn, O.Swed. oghn, Gothic auhns.

Etymology (PE): Mid.Pers. tanur, variant tandur, Mid.Pers. tanur, Sogd. tanur “furnace, oven;” Av. tanūra-

An enclosed heated compartment or receptacle for cooking and heating food.

Etymology (EN): From M.E. oven, from O.E. ofen “furnace, oven;” cf. Du. oven, O.H.G. ovan, Ger. Ofen, O.Norse ofn, O.Swed. oghn, Gothic auhns.

Etymology (PE): Mid.Pers. tanur, variant tandur, Mid.Pers. tanur, Sogd. tanur “furnace, oven;” Av. tanūra-

A prefixal use of over with the sense of “over the limit,” “to excess,” “too much” to form verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, e.g. → overabundance; → overdense; → overestimate.

Etymology (EN): O.E. ofer, from P.Gmc. *uberi (cf. O.S. obar, O.Fris. over, O.H.G. ubar, Ger. über, Goth. ufar “over, above”), from PIE *uper; cf. Gk. hyper, preposition and adverb, “over, beyond, overmuch, above;” cognate with L. super- and Pers. abar-, as below.

Etymology (PE): Biš- “much, more; in excess; great” (from Mid.Pers. veš “more, longer; more frequently,” related to vas “many, much” (Mod.Pers. bas);
O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish”).
Abar, variant bar “on, upon, up;” Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy “above; over, upon, according to;” Av. upairi “above, over,” upairi.zəma- “located above the earth;” cf. Gk. hyper- “over, above;” L. super-; O.H.G. ubir “over;” PIE base *uper “over”).

A prefixal use of over with the sense of “over the limit,” “to excess,” “too much” to form verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, e.g. → overabundance; → overdense; → overestimate.

Etymology (EN): O.E. ofer, from P.Gmc. *uberi (cf. O.S. obar, O.Fris. over, O.H.G. ubar, Ger. über, Goth. ufar “over, above”), from PIE *uper; cf. Gk. hyper, preposition and adverb, “over, beyond, overmuch, above;” cognate with L. super- and Pers. abar-, as below.

Etymology (PE): Biš- “much, more; in excess; great” (from Mid.Pers. veš “more, longer; more frequently,” related to vas “many, much” (Mod.Pers. bas);
O.Pers. vasiy “at will, greatly, utterly;” Av. varəmi “I wish,” vasô, vasə “at one’s pleasure or will,” from vas- “to will, desire, wish”).
Abar, variant bar “on, upon, up;” Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy “above; over, upon, according to;” Av. upairi “above, over,” upairi.zəma- “located above the earth;” cf. Gk. hyper- “over, above;” L. super-; O.H.G. ubir “over;” PIE base *uper “over”).

To expose a detector to too much photons, resulting in saturation.

See also: → over-; → expose.

To expose a detector to too much photons, resulting in saturation.

See also: → over-; → expose.

Excessive exposure of a detector, → over-expose.

See also: → over-; → exposure.

Excessive exposure of a detector, → over-expose.

See also: → over-; → exposure.

The abundance of a chemical element exceeding a reference value,
in particular compared to that of the Sun.

See also: → over-; → abundance.

The abundance of a chemical element exceeding a reference value,
in particular compared to that of the Sun.

See also: → over-; → abundance.

The condition of a system in which the damping is so large that the system comes to a position of rest without oscillating.

See also: → over-; → damping.

The condition of a system in which the damping is so large that the system comes to a position of rest without oscillating.

See also: → over-; → damping.

Matter whose density exceeds a reference level.

See also: → over-; → dense;
→ matter.

Matter whose density exceeds a reference level.

See also: → over-; → dense;
→ matter.

1. To estimate at too high a value, amount, rate, or the like.
   
2. An estimate that is too high.

See also: → over-; → estimate.

1. To estimate at too high a value, amount, rate, or the like.
   
2. An estimate that is too high.

See also: → over-; → estimate.

In computers, the condition arising when the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the capacity of the number representation.

Etymology (EN): → over-; → flow.

Etymology (PE): Sarriz, from sar, → head, + riz present stem of rixtan “to flow, to pour” (Mid.Pers. rēxtan and rēcitan “to flow;” Av. raēk- “to leave, set free; to yield, transfer,” infinitive *ricyā; Mod.Pers; rig in morderig “heritage” (literally, “left by the dead”); cf. Skt. rinakti “he leaves,” riti- “stream; motion, course;” L. rivus “stream, brook;” Old Church Slavic rēka “river;” Rus. reka “river;” Goth. rinnan “run, flow,” rinno “brook;” O.E. ridh “stream”).

In computers, the condition arising when the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the capacity of the number representation.

Etymology (EN): → over-; → flow.

Etymology (PE): Sarriz, from sar, → head, + riz present stem of rixtan “to flow, to pour” (Mid.Pers. rēxtan and rēcitan “to flow;” Av. raēk- “to leave, set free; to yield, transfer,” infinitive *ricyā; Mod.Pers; rig in morderig “heritage” (literally, “left by the dead”); cf. Skt. rinakti “he leaves,” riti- “stream; motion, course;” L. rivus “stream, brook;” Old Church Slavic rēka “river;” Rus. reka “river;” Goth. rinnan “run, flow,” rinno “brook;” O.E. ridh “stream”).

The part of observing time at a telescope which is not directly used for science, such as
the time spent for detector read-out, changing instruments, focusing, etc.

Etymology (EN): → over-; → head; → time.

Etymology (PE): Bâlâ “up, above, high, elevated, height” (variants boland “high, tall, elevated, sublime,” borz “height, magnitude” (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz),
Laki dialect berg “hill, mountain;”
Mid.Pers. buland “high;” O.Pers. baršan- “height;” Av. barəz- “high, mount,” barezan- “height;” cf. Skt. bhrant- “high;” L. fortis “strong” (Fr. and E. force); O.E. burg, burh “castle, fortified place,” from P.Gmc. *burgs “fortress;” Ger. Burg “castle,” Goth. baurgs “city,” E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg; PIE base *bhergh- “high”)

• sar, → head.

The part of observing time at a telescope which is not directly used for science, such as
the time spent for detector read-out, changing instruments, focusing, etc.

Etymology (EN): → over-; → head; → time.

Etymology (PE): Bâlâ “up, above, high, elevated, height” (variants boland “high, tall, elevated, sublime,” borz “height, magnitude” (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz),
Laki dialect berg “hill, mountain;”
Mid.Pers. buland “high;” O.Pers. baršan- “height;” Av. barəz- “high, mount,” barezan- “height;” cf. Skt. bhrant- “high;” L. fortis “strong” (Fr. and E. force); O.E. burg, burh “castle, fortified place,” from P.Gmc. *burgs “fortress;” Ger. Burg “castle,” Goth. baurgs “city,” E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg; PIE base *bhergh- “high”)

• sar, → head.

1. (v.tr.) To lap over something else; extend over and cover a part of.
   

2. (v.intr.) To lap over.
   

3a) Math.: Of sets, to have one or more elements in common.

3b) Chemistry: The interaction of orbitals on different atoms in the same region of space.

3c) Meteo.: The area common to two successive satellite images or scan swaths along the same or adjacent flight or orbital strips. The amount of overlap is expressed as a percentage of image area or scanned area.

Etymology (EN): → over- + lap, verb from noun lap, from O.E. læppa “skirt or flap of a garment,” from P.Gmc. *lapp- (cf. M.Du. lappe, O.H.G. lappa, Ger. Lappen “rag, shred”).

Etymology (PE): 1) Barham nehâdan, from barham “one over the other” (for etymology of bar-, → on-; for etymology of ham-, → com-) + nehâdan “to place, put; to set” (Mid.Pers. nihâtan;
Av. ni- “down; below; into,” → ni-,

• dā- “to put; to establish; to give,” dadāiti “he gives;” cf. Skt. dadāti “he gives;” Gk. didomi “I give;” L. do “I give;” PIE base *do- “to give”).
  

2. Barham nešastan, from barham, as above, + nešastan “to sit;” Mid.Pers. nišastan “to sit;” O.Pers. nišādayam [1 sg.impf.caus.act.] “to sit down, to establish,” hadiš- “abode;” Av. nišasiiā [1 sg.subj.acr.] “I shall sit down,” from nihad- “to sit down,” from ni-, as above,

• had- “to sit;” PIE base *sed- “to sit;” cf. Skt. sad- “to sit,” sidati “sits;” Gk. hezomai “to sit,” hedra “seat, chair;” L. sedere “to sit;” O.Ir. suide “seat, sitting;” Welsh sedd “seat;” Lith. sedmi “to sit;” Rus. sad “garden;” Goth. sitan, Ger. sitzen; E. sit.
  

3. → overlapping.

1. (v.tr.) To lap over something else; extend over and cover a part of.
   

2. (v.intr.) To lap over.
   

3a) Math.: Of sets, to have one or more elements in common.

3b) Chemistry: The interaction of orbitals on different atoms in the same region of space.

3c) Meteo.: The area common to two successive satellite images or scan swaths along the same or adjacent flight or orbital strips. The amount of overlap is expressed as a percentage of image area or scanned area.

Etymology (EN): → over- + lap, verb from noun lap, from O.E. læppa “skirt or flap of a garment,” from P.Gmc. *lapp- (cf. M.Du. lappe, O.H.G. lappa, Ger. Lappen “rag, shred”).

Etymology (PE): 1) Barham nehâdan, from barham “one over the other” (for etymology of bar-, → on-; for etymology of ham-, → com-) + nehâdan “to place, put; to set” (Mid.Pers. nihâtan;
Av. ni- “down; below; into,” → ni-,

• dā- “to put; to establish; to give,” dadāiti “he gives;” cf. Skt. dadāti “he gives;” Gk. didomi “I give;” L. do “I give;” PIE base *do- “to give”).
  

2. Barham nešastan, from barham, as above, + nešastan “to sit;” Mid.Pers. nišastan “to sit;” O.Pers. nišādayam [1 sg.impf.caus.act.] “to sit down, to establish,” hadiš- “abode;” Av. nišasiiā [1 sg.subj.acr.] “I shall sit down,” from nihad- “to sit down,” from ni-, as above,

• had- “to sit;” PIE base *sed- “to sit;” cf. Skt. sad- “to sit,” sidati “sits;” Gk. hezomai “to sit,” hedra “seat, chair;” L. sedere “to sit;” O.Ir. suide “seat, sitting;” Welsh sedd “seat;” Lith. sedmi “to sit;” Rus. sad “garden;” Goth. sitan, Ger. sitzen; E. sit.
  

3. → overlapping.

An act or instance related to → overlap.

See also: Verbal noun of → overlap.

An act or instance related to → overlap.

See also: Verbal noun of → overlap.

Electricity: Any load which exceeds the rated output of a machine, transformer, or other apparatus.

See also: → over-; → load.

Electricity: Any load which exceeds the rated output of a machine, transformer, or other apparatus.

See also: → over-; → load.

Too highly qualified for a particular job (OxfordDictionaries.com).

See also: → over-; → qualified.

Too highly qualified for a particular job (OxfordDictionaries.com).

See also: → over-; → qualified.

The process of sampling a signal with a frequency higher than the → Nyquist frequency.
The signal is said to be oversampled β times, where the oversampling ratio is defined as β = (sampling frequency)/(Nyquist frequency).

See also: → over-; → sampling.

The process of sampling a signal with a frequency higher than the → Nyquist frequency.
The signal is said to be oversampled β times, where the oversampling ratio is defined as β = (sampling frequency)/(Nyquist frequency).

See also: → over-; → sampling.

A situation in stellar interiors when the momentum of a particle carries it past its equilibrium point.

Etymology (EN): → over-; shooting, from shoot, from

O.E. sceotan “to shoot” (cf. O.N. skjota, Du. schieten, Ger. schießen), from PIE base *skeud- “to shoot, to chase, to throw, to project.”

Etymology (PE): Farâzad, from farâ- “over, over against; foremost; before; onward”
(Mid.Pers. fra-; O.Pers. fra- “forward, forth;” Av. frā “forth,” pouruua- “first”; cf. Skt. pūrva- “first,” pra- “before, formerly;” Gk. pro; L. pro; O.E. fyrst “foremost,” superlative of fore, E. fore) + zad past stem of zadan “to strike, beat, dash against; to shoot” ( Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan;
O.Pers.; Av. jan-, gan- “to strike, hit, smite, kill” (jantar- “smiter”); cf. Skt. han- “to strike, beat” (hantar- “smiter, killer”);
Gk. theinein “to strike,” phonos “murder;” L. fendere “to strike, push;” Gmc. *gundjo “war, battle;” PIE *g^when- “to strike, kill”).

A situation in stellar interiors when the momentum of a particle carries it past its equilibrium point.

Etymology (EN): → over-; shooting, from shoot, from

O.E. sceotan “to shoot” (cf. O.N. skjota, Du. schieten, Ger. schießen), from PIE base *skeud- “to shoot, to chase, to throw, to project.”

Etymology (PE): Farâzad, from farâ- “over, over against; foremost; before; onward”
(Mid.Pers. fra-; O.Pers. fra- “forward, forth;” Av. frā “forth,” pouruua- “first”; cf. Skt. pūrva- “first,” pra- “before, formerly;” Gk. pro; L. pro; O.E. fyrst “foremost,” superlative of fore, E. fore) + zad past stem of zadan “to strike, beat, dash against; to shoot” ( Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan;
O.Pers.; Av. jan-, gan- “to strike, hit, smite, kill” (jantar- “smiter”); cf. Skt. han- “to strike, beat” (hantar- “smiter, killer”);
Gk. theinein “to strike,” phonos “murder;” L. fendere “to strike, push;” Gmc. *gundjo “war, battle;” PIE *g^when- “to strike, kill”).

To catch up with in traveling or pursuit; draw even with (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): → over-; → take.

Etymology (PE): Farâzrasidan, from farâz “upon, above, over,” → height,

• rasidan “to attain, to arrive,” → access.

To catch up with in traveling or pursuit; draw even with (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): → over-; → take.

Etymology (PE): Farâzrasidan, from farâz “upon, above, over,” → height,

• rasidan “to attain, to arrive,” → access.

A note of lesser intensity and higher frequency than the fundamental note, and superimposed upon the latter to give a note of characteristic quality. Overtones whose frequencies are an integral
multiple of the fundamental are said to form a harmonic series. The
fundamental with a frequency f₁ is the first harmonic. The frequency 2f₁ is the first overtone
and so on.

See also: → over-; → tone.

A note of lesser intensity and higher frequency than the fundamental note, and superimposed upon the latter to give a note of characteristic quality. Overtones whose frequencies are an integral
multiple of the fundamental are said to form a harmonic series. The
fundamental with a frequency f₁ is the first harmonic. The frequency 2f₁ is the first overtone
and so on.

See also: → over-; → tone.

Voltage which exceeds the normal value between a conductor and earth.

See also: → over-; → voltage.

Voltage which exceeds the normal value between a conductor and earth.

See also: → over-; → voltage.