An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

To, toward, or in a more elevated position.

Etymology (EN): M.E. up(pe) (adv.), O.E. up(p) “to a higher position;” cf.
O.Frisian up, O.S. up, M.Du. up, op, O.N. upp;
O.H.G. uf; (Ger. auf), Goth. iup.

Etymology (PE): Bâlâ “up, above, high, elevated, height” (related to boland “high,” borz “height, magnitude” (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz),
Lori dialect berg “hill, mountain;” Mid.Pers. buland “high;” O.Pers. baršan- “height;” Av. barəz- “high, mount,” barezan- “height;” cf.
Skt. bhrant- “high;” L. fortis “strong” (Fr. & E. force); O.E. burg, burh “castle, fortified place;”
Ger. Burg “castle;” Goth. baurgs “city;” E. burg, borough; Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg); PIE base *bhergh- “high.”

1a) An incline going up in the direction of movement.

1b) An increase or improvement.

1c) A new version, improved model, etc.

2a) To promote to a higher grade or rank.

2b) To improve or enhance the quality or value of (Dictionary.com).

See also: → up; → grade.

The process by which an area of Earth’s crust slowly rises either due to increasing upward force applied from below or decreasing downward force (weight) from above.

Etymology (EN): From → up + → lift.

Etymology (PE): Bâlâmad, literally “coming up,” from bâlâ, → up, + âmad past stem of âmadan, → come.

To send data from one’s computer to another computer. See also: → loading, → download.

Etymology (EN): → up-; → load.

Etymology (PE): Bârgozâštan, literally “to put load,” from bâr, → load, + gozâštan “to put, to place,” → passage.

Higher, as in place, position, pitch, or in a scale.

Etymology (EN): Upper, from → up, → hyper-.

Etymology (PE): Bâlâ, → up; zabarin, → superior.

The part of the → arm between the → shoulder and the → elbow.

Etymology (EN): → upper; → arm.

Etymology (PE): Bâzu “arm,” from Mid.Pers. bâzûk “arm;” Av. bāzu- “arm;” Mod.Pers. bâhu “stick, staff; arm;”
cf. Skt. bāhu- “arm, forearm;” Gk. pechys “forearm, arm, ell;”
O.H.G. buog “shoulder;” Ger. Bug “shoulder;” Du. boeg; O.E. bôg, bôh “shoulder, bough;” E. bough " a branch of a tree;" PIE *bhaghu- “arm”).

The general term applied to the atmosphere above the → troposphere.

See also: → upper; → atmosphere.

Same as → superior culmination.

See also: → upper; → culmination.

In atomic physics, an initial energy state in an emission transition.

See also: → upper; → level.

Of an integral operator, the point at which the integration ends.

See also: → upper; → limit.

A → main sequence star with a mass above 1.5 Msun. Upper main sequence stars have high central temperatures so that they produce their energy through the → CNO cycle. The outward energy flux is very high and therefore this flux cannot be maintained by → radiative transfer. Thus, upper main sequence stars have → convective cores. Outside the core, there is a → radiative zone. The mass of the convective core gradually diminishes as the hydrogen is consumed. The surface hydrogen is fully ionized and the → opacity is due to → electron scattering The opacity due to electron scattering.

See also: → upper; → main; → sequence.

The upper part of the Earth’s → mantle which begins at the base of the → crust around 35 km and extends downward to about 410 km.

See also: → upper; → mantle.

Same as → upper mass limit.

See also: → upper; → mass; → cut-off.

The highest mass range admitted in a star formation model. The high mass end of the → initial mass function. The upper mass limit is a critical parameter in understanding → stellar populations, → star formation, and → massive star feedback in galaxies.

See also: → upper; → mass; → limit.

The movement of a celestial body across a celestial meridian’s upper branch. Same as → upper culmination.

See also: → upper; → transit.

1. Toward or in the higher part of a stream; against the current. → downstream
   

2. Directed upstream; situated upstream.

Etymology (EN): → up; → stream.

Etymology (PE): Farâz, → height; water, → water.