An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 9 Search : gauge
Coulomb gauge
  گز ِ کولن   
gaz-e Coulomb

Fr.: jauge de Coulomb   

The optimum → gauge for steady fields, defined by: ∇.A = 0, where A is the → magnetic vector potential. Also called transverse gauge.

Coulomb; → gauge.

gauge
  گز؛ گز کردن   
(n.) gaz; (v.) gaz kardan

Fr.: jauge   

1) (n.) A standard of measure or measurement, size, or quantity.
2) Any of a wide variety of devices or instruments used for measuring a parameter or characteristic of an object, such as its dimension, quantity, or mechanical accuracy.
3) Physics: One of the family of choices for a constant in the expression of → potential energy in a central force field. Force is connected with potential energy by the relation F = - ∂U/∂r, U = ∫F.dr. The upper limit in the integral can be chosen arbitrarily. The potential energy is usually considered zero at infinity.
4) (v.) To determine the exact dimensions, capacity, quantity, or force of; measure.

From Fr. jauge "gauging rod," perhaps from Frankish galga "rod, pole for measuring;" cf. O.N. gelgja "pole, perch;" O.H.G. galgo; Lith. zalga "pole, perch;" Arm. dzalk "pole;" E. gallows; see below.

Gaz "a yard for measuring cloth; a length of 24 finger-breadths, or six hands; the tamarisk-tree," from Mid.Pers. gaz "tamarisk," may be of the same origin as gauge. In verbal form with kardan "to do, to make" (Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build;" Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make").

gauge boson
  بوزون ِ گز   
bozon-e gaz

Fr.: boson de jauge   

A class of elementary particles that includes the gluon, photon, W+, W-, and Z0 particles, each having an integral spin.

gauge; → boson.

gauge group
  گروه ِ گز   
goruh-e gaz (#)

Fr.: groupe de jauge   

The mathematical group associated with a particular set of gauge transformations.

gauge; → group.

gauge invariance
  ناورتایی ِ گز   
nâvartâyi-ye gaz

Fr.: invariance de jauge   

The invariance of any field theory under gauge transformation.

gauge; → invariance.

gauge symmetry
  همامونی ِ گز   
hamâmuni-ye gaz

Fr.: symétrie de jauge   

A principle underlying the quantum-mechanical description of the three non-gravitational forces. It allows a system to behave in the same way even though it has undergone various transformations. The earliest physical theory which had a gauge symmetry was Maxwell's electrodynamics.

gauge; → symmetry.

gauge theory
  نگره‌ی ِ گز   
negare-ye gaz (#)

Fr.: théorie de jauge   

A field theory in which it is possible to perform a transformation without altering any measurable physical quantity.

gauge; → theory.

gauge transformation
  ترادیس ِ گز   
tarâdis-e gaz (#)

Fr.: transformation de jauge   

A change of the fields of a gauge theory that does not change the value of any measurable quantity.

gauge; → transformation.

transverse gauge
  گز ِ تراگذر   
gaz-e tarâgozar

Fr.: jauge transverse   

Same as the → Coulomb gauge.

transverse; → gauge.