An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 14 Search : medium
circumgalactic medium (CGM)
  مدیم ِ پیراکهکشانی   
madim-e pirâkahkešâni

Fr.: milieu circumgalactique   

The interface between a galaxy and the → intergalactic medium. The circumgalactic medium comprises gas located in the → halo of a galaxy extending out to the → virial radius.

circum-; → galactic.

diffuse interstellar medium
  مدیم ِ اندر‌اختری ِ پخشیده   
madim-e andaraxtari-ye paxšidé

Fr.: milieu interstellaire diffus   

The interstellar matter outside condensed molecular clouds. Diffuse interstellar medium consists of a hot intercloud medium, a warm intercloud medium, and a cold neutral medium with hydrogen atom densities nH ~ 0.003, ~ 0.25, and ~ 40 cm-3, and mean gas → kinetic temperatures Tk ~ 5 x 105, ~ 104, and 80 K, respectively.

diffuse; → interstellar; → medium.

dispersive medium
  مدیم ِ پاشنده   
madim-e pâšandé

Fr.: milieu dispersif   

A medium in which the → phase velocity is a function of → wave number (→ frequency).

dispersive; → medium.

intercloud medium
  مدیم ِ اندر-ابری   
madim-e andarabri

Fr.: milieu internuage   

A medium in which several molecular clouds are situated.

inter- + → cloud + → medium.

interclump medium
  مدیم ِ اندرگوده‌ای   
madim-e andargude-yi

Fr.: milieu inter-grumeau   

The diffuse medium between → clumps inside → molecular clouds.

inter- + → clump + → medium.

intercluster medium
  مدیم ِ اندرخوشه‌ای   
madim-e andarxuše-yi

Fr.: milieu interamas   

The matter lying between the clusters of galaxies in an aggregation of such clusters.

inter- + → cluster + → medium.

intergalactic medium
  مدیم ِ اندرکهکشانی   
madim-e andarkahkešâni

Fr.: milieu intergalactique   

The matter or environment between the galaxies of a → cluster.

intergalactic; → medium.

interplanetary medium
  مدیم ِ اندرسیاره‌ای   
madim-e andarsayâre-yi

Fr.: milieu interplanétaire   

The material contained in the → solar system in the space through which the planets travel. It consists of the smaller objects such as → asteroids, → comets, → meteorites and also a general pervading → interplanetary dust. Moreover a → plasma of charged particles streaming outward from the Sun in the form of the → solar wind contributes to the interplanetary medium.

interplanetary; → medium.

interstellar medium (ISM)
  مدیم ِ اندر-اختری   
madim-e andaraxtari

Fr.: milieu interstellaire   

The environment containing the → interstellar matter, consisting of gas (mostly hydrogen) and dust. Even at its densest phase, the interstellar medium is emptier than the best vacuum man can create in the laboratory, but because space is so vast, the interstellar medium still adds up to a huge amount of mass.

interstellar; → medium.

intracluster medium (ICM)
  مدیم ِ اندرخوشه‌ای   
madim-e andarxuše-yi

Fr.: milieu interamas   

A diffuse (Ne ~ 10-3 cm-3), hot (T ~ 107-108 K), magnetized (B ~ 0.1-10 μG) plasma that exists between galaxies in a → galaxy cluster and is composed mainly of H, He, and → heavy elements. The ICM strongly emits → X-rays (Lx ~ 1045 erg s-1), making it the most luminous extended X-ray source in Universe. While some of the gas has been stripped out of galaxies, it is also likely that some is also primordial in nature, and has been accreted into the clusters. The origin of the ICM is subject of intense investigation. Broadly, two possibilities have been envisaged. The first one considers the intracluster gas to be once contained in galaxies and later driven in the ICM. This would explain several observations: the presence of high → metallicity gas, and H I deficiency of galaxies residing in the cores of rich clusters (which suggests that gas stripping has occurred). Alternatively, the ICM is primordial, originating at the time of cluster formation. Actually the ICM may result from a combination of both scenarios.

intra-; → cluster; → medium.

medium
  مدیم   
madim

Fr.: milieu   

An intervening substance through which an effect is produced; surrounding objects, conditions, or influences; environment. → interstellar medium.

From L. medium, from neut. of adj. medius "middle," from PIE *medhyo- "middle;" cf. Av. maδəma- "middle," as below.

Madim, from Av. maδəma- [adj.] "middle, being in the middle; middling, of a middling size or quality," maiδim "in the midst of," maiδyāna- "the middle;" cf. Skt. mádhya- "middle;" Gk. messos; Goth. midjis; O.E. midd "middle;" O.C.S. medzu "between," Arm. mej "middle;" L. medium, as above.

non-dispersive medium
  مدیم ِ ناپاشنده   
madim-e nâpâšandé

Fr.: milieu non dispersif   

A medium in which the → phase velocity is independent of frequency.

non-; → dispersive; → medium.

warm intercloud medium
  مدیم ِ اندر-ابری ِ گرم   
madim-e andarabri-ye garm

Fr.: milieu internuage chaud   

A component of the → interstellar medium consisting of an extremely tenuous (density 0.1 to 10 cm-3) and relatively warm gas (temperature about 8,000 K) filling the space between denser neutral and ionized gas. Hydrogen is partly ionized, partly atomic and observed by the → 21-centimeter line in emission.

warm; → intercloud medium.

warm-hot intergalactic medium
  مدیم ِ اندر-کهکشانی ِ گرم-داغ   
madim-e andar-kahkašâni garm-dâq

Fr.: milieu intergalactique chaud   

The space containing a cluster of galaxies filled with a tenuous gas of temperature 105 to 107 K and density 10-6 to 10-4 cm-3. WHIM has been continuously shock-heated during the process of structure formation. It is so highly ionized that it can only absorb or emit far-ultraviolet and soft X-ray photons, primarily at spectral lines of highly ionized C, O, Ne, and Fe. WHIM is thought to be the main reservoir of missing baryons.

warm; → hot; → intergalactic medium.