An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Electricity: A sudden rush or burst of current or voltage.
Sun: A jet of material from an active region that reaches coronal heights and then either fades or returns into the chromosphere along the trajectory of ascent.

From M.Fr. sourgir "to rise, swell," from L. surgere "to rise, spring out" from → sub- "up from below" + regere "to keep straight, guide," cognate with Pers. râst, → right.

Boruntâz, from borun "out, the outside," → out, + tâz present stem of tâxtan, tâzidan "to run; to hasten; to assault" (Mid.Pers. tak "assault, attack;" Av. taka- "leap, run," from tak- "to run, flow;" cf. Skt. tak- "to rush, to hurry," takti "runs;" O.Ir. tech- "to flow;" Lith. teketi "to walk, to flow;" O.C.S. tešti "to walk, to hurry;" Tokharian B cake "river;" PIE base *tek^w- "to run; to flow").

1a) To push or force along; impel with force or vigor.
1b) To drive with incitement to speed or effort.
1c) To impel, constrain, or move to some action.
2) An act of urging; impelling action, influence, or force; impulse (Dictionary.com).

From L. urgere "to press hard, push forward, drive, compel,," from PIE root *ureg- "to push, shove, drive;" cf. Lith. verziu "tie, fasten, squeeze," vargas "need, distress;" O.C.S. vragu "enemy;" Gothic wrikan "to persecute;" O.E. wrecan "avenge; drive, hunt, pursue;" E. wreak "to inflict, to cause;" Av. uruuaj- "to walk," see below.

Garžidan, from Proto-Ir. *uraj- "to go forth" (Cheung 2007; on the model of *urad- "to soften," Baluchi grast "to cook in oil or water"); cf. Av. uruuaj- "to go forth, walk;" cf. Kurd. guš, gušin (?) "to press, squeeze, shake;" Skt. vraj- "to stride, walk, proceed;" cognate with L. urgere, as above (Cheung 2007).

The quality or state of being urgent; imperativeness; insistence.

Noun from → urgent.

Compelling or requiring immediate action or attention; imperative; pressing (Dictionary.com).

Adj. from → urge.