An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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continental drift
  دلک ِ قاره‌ها   
delek-e qârehâ

Fr.: dérive de continents   

A hypothesis proposed by Alfred Wegener (1912) suggesting that the → continents are not stationary, but drift through time. Wegener's hypothesis has since been developed and included in a new theory called → plate tectonics.

continental; → drift.

cosmological redshift
  سرخ کیب ِ کیهان‌شناسیک، ~ کیهان‌شناختی   
sorxkib-e keyhânšenâsik, ~ keyhânšenâxti

Fr.: décalage vers le rouge cosmologique, redshift ~   

The → redshift of a remote object (galaxy, quasar, supenova) due to the expansion of the Universe.

cosmological; → redshift.

cross identification
  ایدانش ِ چلیپایی   
idâneš-e calipâyi

Fr.: identification croisée   

The identification of an object in a data base or catalog and matching it with the same object identified in another catalog.

cross; → identification.

defuzzification
  واپرزوارش   
vâporzvâreš

Fr.: défuzzification, concrétisation   

The process of producing a quantifiable result in a → fuzzy logic system, given → fuzzy sets and corresponding → membership functions. Defuzzification is the last step in a fuzzy logic system. After → fuzzy inferencing, the overall result is a → fuzzy value. This result should be defuzzified to obtain a final → crisp value.

Verbal noun of → defuzzify; → -tion.

defuzzify
  واپرزواریدن   
vâpozvâridan

Fr.: défuzzifier   

To transform a → fuzzy set to a → crisp set in a → fuzzy logic system.

de-; → fuzzy; → -fy.

demystify
  واشاردیدن   
vâšârdidan

Fr.: démystifier   

To rid of mystery or obscurity; clarify. The removal of mystery or confusion surrounding a topic or idea.

de-; → mystify;

differ
  دگرسان بودن   
degarsân budan (#)

Fr.: différer, être différent   

To be unlike, dissimilar, or distinct in nature or qualities.

From O.Fr. différer, from L. differre "to set apart, differ," from → dis- "away from" + ferre "to carry, bear" (cf. Av. baraiti "carries," O.Pers. barantiy "they carry," Mod.Pers. barad "carries," Skt. bharati "carries," Arm. berem "I carry," Gk. pherein "to carry," O.E., O.H.G. beran, Rus. brat' "to take," bremya "a burden").

Degarsân "different," from degar "another, other" (Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second," O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second," Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second") + sân "manner, semblance" (variant sun, Mid.Pers. sân "manner, kind," Sogdian šôné "career") + budan "to be" (Mid.Pers. budan, from O.Pers./Av. bav- "to be; become, take place," Av. buta- perf. ptcpl. pass., bavaiti "becomes," Skt. bhavati "becomes, happens," bhavah "becoming; condition, state," PIE *bheu- "to be, come into being, become;" cf. Gk. phu- "become," phuein "to bring forth, make grow," L. fui "I was" (perf. tense of esse), futurus "that is to be, future," Ger. present first and second person sing. bin, bist, E. to be, O.Ir. bi'u "I am," Lith. bu'ti "to be," Rus. byt' "to be").

difference
  دگرسانی   
degarsâni (#)

Fr.: différence   

The quality or condition of being different.
Math.: the amount by which one quantity is greater or less than another.
Of two sets A and B, the set consisting of all elements of A which do not belong to B.

Noun form of → differ.

different
  دگرسان   
degarsân (#)

Fr.: différent   

Not alike in character or quality; differing; dissimilar.

Adj. of → difference.

differentiability
  دگرسانی‌پذیری   
degarsânipaziri

Fr.: différentiabilité   

Of a mathematical function, the quality of being → differentiable.

Noun from → differentiable.

differentiable
  دگرسانی‌پذیر، دگرسانیدنی   
degarsânipazir, degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Capable of being → differentiated. → differentiable function.

From → differentiate + → -able.

differentiable function
  کریای ِ دگرسانی‌پذیر، ~ دگرسانیدنی   
karyâ-ye degarsânipazir, ~ degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Property of a mathematical function if it has a → derivative at a given point.

From → differentiable; → function.

differential
  ۱) دگرسانه؛ ۲) دگرسانه‌ای   
1) degarsâné; 2) degarsâneyi

Fr.: différentiel   

1) Noun.
1a) General: A difference or the amount of difference, as in rate, cost, quantity, degree, or quality, between things that are comparable.
1b) Math.: An infinitesimally small change in a variable; a function of two variables that is obtained from a given function, y = f(x), and that expresses the increment in the given function as the derivative of the function, f'(x), times the increment in the independent variable, written as dy = f'(x) dx.
1c) Electronics: Referring to a circuit, device, or machine whose principle of operation depends on the difference between two opposing effects.
2) Adjective.
2a) General: Of, relating to, or constituting a difference.
2b) Physics: Pertaining to or involving the difference of two or more motions, forces, etc.
2c) Math.: Pertaining to or involving a → derivative or derivatives.

From M.L. differentialis, from differenti(a), → difference, + → -al.

Degarsâné, from degarsân, → different + noun suffix .

differential and integral calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای و درستالی   
afmârik-e degarsâne-yi va dorostâli

Fr.: calcul différentiel et intégral   

The two branches of mathematics that make up the → calculus. → differential calculus; → integral calculus.

differential; → integral; → calculus.

differential calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای، ~ دگرسانه‌ها   
afmârik-e degarsâneyi, ~ degarsânehâ

Fr.: calcul différentiel   

A branch of calculus which is concerned with the instantaneous rate of change of quantities with respect to other quantities, or more precisely, the local behavior of functions. → integral calculus.

differential; → calculus.

differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hamugeš-e degarsâneyi

Fr.: équation différentielle   

An equation expressing a relationship between an → independent variable, x, an unknown → function, y = f(x), and its → derivatives. The general form of a differential equation is: F(x, y, y', y'', ..., y(n)) = 0, or F(x,y, dy/dx, d2y/dx2, ..., dny/dxn) = 0. See also: → ordinary differential equation; → partial differential equation; → linear differential equation; → exact differential equation; → first-order differential equation; → homogeneous linear differential equation; → nonhomogeneous linear differential equation; → differential equation with separated variables; → differential equation with separable variables.

differential; → equation.

differential equation with separable variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدایی-پذیر   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâyi-pazir

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparables   

A → differential equation of the form: M1(x) N1(y) dx + M2(x) N2(y) dy = 0, which can be reduced to a → differential equation with separated variables.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential equation with separated variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدا   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâ

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparées   

A → differentail equation that can be transformed into the form: M(x)dx + N(x)dy = 0.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential geometry
  هندسه‌ی ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hendese-ye degarsâneyi

Fr.: géométrie différentielle   

The study of curved spaces using differential calculus.

differential; → geometry.

differential image motion monitor (DIMM)
  پهره‌گر ِ جنبش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ وینه، ~ ~ ~ تصویر   
pahregar-e jonbeš-e degarsâneyi-ye vine, ~ ~ ~ tasvir

Fr.: moniteur de mouvements d'images différentiels, moniteur seeing   

A device that is commonly used to measure the → seeing at optical astronomical sites. The DIMM delivers an estimate of the → Fried parameter based on measuring the variance of the differential image motion in two small apertures, usually cut out in a single larger telescope pupil by a mask. The DIMM concept was introduced by Stock & Keller (1960, in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 1, ed. G. P. Kuiper & B. M. Middlehurst, p. 138), whereas its modern implementation was first described by Sarazin & Roddier (1990, A&A 227, 294).

differential; → image; → motion; → monitor.

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