An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Any electric charge which is bound to an atom or molecule, in contrast to free charge, such as metallic conduction electrons, which is not. Also known as → polarization charge.

→ bound; → charge.

→ electric charge.

Charge from O.Fr. chargier "load, burden," from L.L. carricare "to load a wagon, cart," from L. carrus "wagon."

Bâr "charge, weight," from Mid.Pers. bâr, from O.Pers./Av. base bar- "to bear, carry," Mod.Pers. bordan "to carry," L. brutus "heavy, dull, stupid, brutish," Skt. bhara- "burden, load," bharati "he carries," Gk. baros "weight," Mod.Pers. gerân "heavy," Skt. guru, L. gravis; PIE *gwere- "heavy," *bher- "carry, give birth."

The heavy saturation of CCD pixels whereby electrons spill over up and down the column; also called blooming.

→ chrge; bleeding, from Bleed, from O.E. bledan, from P.Gmc. *blothjan "emit blood" (cf. Ger. bluten), from *blotham "blood", PIE root bhel- "to bloom, thirve".

Sarriz "overflow", from sar "head" (Mid.Pers. sar, Av. sarah- "head," Skt. siras- "head," Gk. kara "head," keras "horn," Mod.Pers. sarun "horn," L. cerebrum "brain;" PIE *ker- "head, horn") + riz present stem of rixtan "to pour; to flow; to cast" (Mid.Pers. rēxtan and rēcitan "to flow," Av. raēk- "to leave, set free; to yield, transfer," infinitive *ricyā, Mod.Pers; rig in morderig "heritage" (literally, "left by the dead"), Skt. rinakti "he leaves," riti- "stream; motion, course," L. rivus "stream, brook," Old Church Slavic rēka "river," Rus. reka "river," Goth. rinnan "run, flow," rinno "brook," O.E. ridh "stream;" PIE base *rei- "to flow; to run").

A mobile particle carrying an electric charge. In semiconductors, a mobile electron or hole. Also called carrier.

→ charge; → carrier.

In particle physics, an operation that changes a particle to its antiparticle in equations describing subatomic particles or, equivalently, reverses its charge and magnetic moment.

→ charge; → conjugation.

The → electric charge per unit volume in space, or per unit area on a surface, or per unit length of a line. They are respectively called volume- (ρ), surface- (σ), or line (λ) charge density.

→ charge; → density.

The way a number of → electric charges are arranged in space with respect to the point of observation.

→ charge; → distribution.

A collisional process in which an → ion collides with a neutral → atom or → molecule and captures one of its electrons. One of the most important charge-exchange processes occurring in the → interstellar medium is: O⁺ + H → H⁺ + O + 0.020 eV.

→ charge; → exchange.

The → electric charge carried by an object is independent of the → velocity of the object with respect to the → observer. In other words, the charge is the same in any → frame of reference.

→ charge; → invariance.

Same as → charge conjugation and → C-symmetry.

→ charge; → symmetry.

Defects or impurities in a CCD structure which prevent charges in certain pixels from being transferred to the next pixel.

→ charge; trap, from O.E. træppe "snare, trap," from P.Gmc. *trap-.

Talé "trap," Mid.Pers. talag "trap, snare."

A solid-state detector that stores the electrons, produced by incident photons, in potential wells at the surface of a semiconductor. The packages of charge are moved about the surface by being transferred to similar adjacent potential wells. The wells are controlled by the manipulation of voltage applied to surface electrodes.

→ charge; coupled adj. from → couple; → device.

A charge-transfer device that passes along stored charges positioned at predetermined locations; it is used as an image sensor in which the image points are accessed by reference to their horizontal and vertical coordinates.

→ charge; → injection; → device.

The laws of physics should be the same if a particle is interchanged with its → antiparticle (→ charge conjugation), or swapped for its mirror image (→ parity symmetry). It is known that charge-parity (CP) symmetry holds for interactions involving → electromagnetism, → gravitation, and → strong interactions, but CP violation is known to occur during → weak interactions involved in → radio decay. Same as → CP-symmetry.

→ charge; → parity; → symmetry.

A semi-conductor device that relays stored charges positioned at predetermined locations, such as charge-coupled or charge-injection devices.

→ charge; → transfer; → device.

Fraction of the original charge which is successfully transferred from one pixel to the next in one CCD cycle.

→ charge; → transfer; → efficiency.

Quality of a → particle, → body, or → system that possesses → electric charge

Past participle of "to → charge."

Bârdâr "charged," from bâr, → cahrge, + dâr "having, possessor," from dâštan "to have, to possess," Mid.Pers. dâštan, O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maitain, keep in mind," Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law," Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne," L. firmus "firm, stable," Lith. daryti "to make," PIE *dher- "to hold, support."

Any particle containing either a → positive or → negative → electric charge.

→ charged; → particle.

In the → standard model of particle physics, a property possessed by → quarks and → gluons that determine rules for how these particles may interact in the context of → quantum chromodynamics. Color charge is analogous to electromagnetic charge, but it comes in three types rather than two, which results in a different type of force, the → strong interaction. There are three pairs of colors and anti-colors, named red (anti-red), green (anti-green), and blue (anti-blue). The terminology has nothing to do with visible color. It is only a word that is used to designate three independent types of the strong charge characteristic.

→ color; → charge.

In any given → frame of reference, → electric charge is neither created nor destroyed. This → law must not be confused with → charge invariance.

→ conservation; → charge.