An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 142 Search : erg
high-energy astrophysics
  اخترفیزیک ِ مه‌کاروژ   
axtarfizik-e meh-kâruž

Fr.: astrophysique des hautes énergies   

A branch of astrophysics that deals with objects emitting highly energetic radiation, such as X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, and extreme ultraviolet astronomy, as well as neutrinos and cosmic rays.

high; → energy; → astrophysics.

high-energy cosmic rays
  پرتوهای ِ کیهانی ِ مه‌کاروژ، ~ ~ پرکاروژ   
partowhâ-ye keyhâni-ye meh-kâruž, ~ ~ por-kâruž

Fr.: rayons cosmiques de hautes énergies   

Cosmic rays which typically have energies in the range 1015 to 1020 electron volts. For the most part, they are protons and other atomic nuclei, and come from distant cosmos, perhaps even from outside our own Galaxy.

high; → energy; → cosmic; → ray.

high-energy neutrino
  نوترینو‌ی ِ مه‌کاروژ   
notrino-ye meh-kâruž

Fr.: neutrino haute énergie   

A neutrino produced in high-energy particle collisions, such as those occurring when → cosmic rays strike atoms in the Earth's → atmosphere. Their energy range expands from a few → MeVs up to tenths of a → peta- (P) → electron-volts.

high; → energy; → neutrino.

hypergalaxy
  اَبَرکهکشان، هیپرکهکشان   
abarkahkašân, hiperkahkašân

Fr.: hypergalaxie   

A system consisting of a dominant → spiral galaxy associated with → dwarf satellite galaxies and intergalactic matter. Examples in the → Local Group are our Galaxy and the → Andromeda galaxy.

hyper- + → galaxy.

hypergiant star
  ستاره‌ی ِ هیپرغول   
setâre-ye hiperqul

Fr.: hypergéante   

A high luminosity star with absolute visual magnitude around -10, about 106 times as luminous as the Sun. Hypergiant stars are evolved → massive stars belonging to the luminosity class Ia+ or Ia0. Their spectra show very broadened emission and absorption lines resulting from the high luminosity and low surface gravity which favor strong → stellar wind. See also → Humphreys-Davidson limit; → yellow hypergiant.

hyper-; → giant.

iceberg
  یخ‌بِرگ، کوه ِ یخ   
yaxberg, kuh-e yax (#)

Fr.: iceberg   

A large mass of floating or stranded ice that has broken away from a glacier; usually more than 5 m above sea level.

Iceberg, half Anglicization, half adoption of Du. ijsberg "ice mountain," from ijs, → ice, + berg "mountain" (cf. Ger. Eisberg, Sw. isberg), from P.Gmc. *bergaz; cf. M.H.G. berc, O.H.G. berg "mountain;" cognate with Pers. boland, borz, berg, as below; PIE base *bheregh- "high, elevated."

Yaxberg, from yax, → ice, + berg "mountain, hill," in Laki dialect, related to Pers. boland "high," variants bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," borz "height, magnitude" (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz), Laki dialect berg "hill, mountain;" Mid.Pers. buland "high;" O.Pers. baršan- "height;" Av. barəz- "high, mount," barezan- "height;" cf. Skt. bhrant- "high;" L. fortis "strong" (Fr. & E. force); O.E. burg, burh "castle, fortified place," from P.Gmc. *burgs "fortress;" Ger. Burg "castle," Goth. baurgs "city," E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg); PIE base *bhergh- "high."

immerge
  درمرچیدن   
darmarcidan

Fr.: immerger   

To plunge into or place under a liquid; dip; sink (Dictionary.com).

in- + merge, → submerge.

intergalactic
  اندرکهکشانی   
andarkahkešâni

Fr.: intergalactique   

Of, existing, or occurring in the space between galaxies. → intergalactic absorption, → intergalactic cloud, → intergalactic matter , → intergalactic medium , → warm-hot intergalactic medium.

inter-; → galactic.

intergalactic absorption
  درشم ِ اندرکهکشانی   
daršam-e andarkahkešâni

Fr.: absorption intergalactique   

Absorption features in the spectra of bright sources like → quasars attributed to a tenuous matter filling the medium between galaxies.

intergalactic; → absorption.

intergalactic cloud
  ابر ِ اندرکهکشانی   
abr-e andarkahkešâni

Fr.: nuage intergalactique   

Intergalactic matter in the form of clouds.

intergalactic; → cloud.

intergalactic matter
  مادّه‌ی ِ اندرکهکشانی   
mâdde-ye andarkahkešâni

Fr.: matière intergalactique   

Very low density material found indirectly in the space between galaxies. → intergalactic absorption.

intergalactic; → matter.

intergalactic medium
  مدیم ِ اندرکهکشانی   
madim-e andarkahkešâni

Fr.: milieu intergalactique   

The matter or environment between the galaxies of a → cluster.

intergalactic; → medium.

internal energy
  کاروژ ِ درونی   
kâruž-e daruni

Fr.: énergie interne   

The difference between the energy added to a system and the energy given up by the system in performing work.

internal; → energy.

ionization energy
  کاروژ ِ یونش   
kâruž-e yoneš

Fr.: énergie d'ionisation   

Same as → ionization potential.

ionization; → energy.

kinetic energy
  کاروژ ِ جنبشی   
kâruž-e jonbeši

Fr.: énergie cinétique   

The energy which a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one-half the product of its mass m and the square of its speed v, i.e. 1/2 mv2.

kinetic; → energy.

lattice energy
  کاروژ ِ جاره   
kâruž-e jâré

Fr.: énergie réticulaire   

The energy required to separate an ion from a → crystal to an infinite distance. In other words, the energy released when one → mole of a crystal is formed from gaseous ions.

lattice; → energy.

low-energy neutrino
  نوترینو‌ی ِ کم‌کاروژ   
notrino-ye kamkâruž

Fr.: neutrino faible énergie   

A neutrino which is mainly produced in → nuclear processes, such as the ones in the → Sun (→ solar neutrino), or in the center of an exploding → supernova. Such neutrinos are, however, more energetic than those making up the → cosmic neutrino background.

low; → energy; → neutrino.

magnetic energy
  کاروژ ِ مغناتیسی   
kâruž-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: énergie magnétique   

The energy stored in a magnetic field. It is the → work that must be done to establish a magnetic field in terms of the → magnetic induction. Magnetic energy varies as the square of the magnetic induction. It can be expressed in several other ways, for example in terms of the current and of the magnetic flux, or in terms of the current density and vector potential.

magnetic; → energy.

major merger
  تشک ِ مهین   
tašk-e mehin

Fr.: fusion majeure   

The → merging of two spiral galaxies with roughly equal masses colliding at appropriate angles. The dynamical friction is so efficient that the galaxies merge after only a few perigalactic passages.

major; → merger.

mass energy
  کاروژ ِ جرم   
kâruž-e jerm

Fr.: énergie de masse   

The energy (E) associated with a mass (m), as specified by the → mass-energy equivalence  E = mc2, where c is the → speed of light. For a moving body the total energy of the particle is expressed by: E2 = m2c4 + p2c2, where m is → rest mass and p → momentum.

mass; → energy.


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