An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 9 Search : night
clear night
  شب ِ رونه   
šab-e runé

Fr.: nuit claire   

A night sky without clouds, mist, or haze, atmospheric dust particles, and without city lights in which a sixth magnitude star is visible by naked-eye.

clear; → night.

midnight
  نیمشب   
nimšab (#)

Fr.: minuit   

Generally, the middle of the night as indicated by twelve o'clock at night.
True midnight: The time when the Sun is closest to nadir and the night is equi-distant from dusk and dawn. The opposite of noon.

From mid- an E. combining form related to → middle; → night.

Nimšab, from nim "mid-, half" (Mid.Pers. nêm, nêmag "half;" Av. naēma- "half;" cf. Skt. néma- "half") + šab, → night

midnight Sun
  خورشید ِ نیمشب   
xoršid-e nimšab (#)

Fr.: Soleil de minuit   

The phenomenon occurring when the Sun is visible above the horizon at midnight. This phenomenon can be seen at positions north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle when the Sun is circumpolar (around the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere and the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere respectively).

midnight, → sun.

night
  شب   
šab (#)

Fr.: nuit   

The period between → sunrise and → sunset, especially the hours of darkness.

M.E., from O.E. niht (O.H.G. naht, Du., Ger. Nacht, O.N. natt, Goth. nahts), from PIE *nok(w)t- "night;" cf. Gk. nuks; L. nox (Fr. nuit; Sp. noche); Skt. nákt-; Av. *naxtar- "night," upa.naxtar- "adjoining the night" (Kurd. Soriani nûtak (?) "sheer darkness"); Lith. naktis; Russ. noch'.

Šab, from Mid.Pers. šab, šap "night;" O.Pers. xšap- "night;" Av. xšapan-, xšafn-, xšap- "night;" cf. Skt. ksáp- "night;" PIE base *k(w)sep- "night."

night assistant
  دستیار ِ شب   
dastyâr-e šab

Fr.: assistant de nuit   

A specialized technician in an observatory who is in charge of functioning a telescope and helping visiting astronomers during their observation run.

From → night + assistant; M.E. assistent, from L. assistent-, stem of assistens, pr.p. of assistere "assist, stand by," from → ad- "to" + sistere "take a stand, cause to stand," cognate with Pers. istâdan "to stand," → histogram.

Dastyâr "assistant," from dast "hand" (Mid.Pers. dast; O.Pers. dasta-; Av. zasta-; cf. Skt. hásta-; Gk. kheir; L. praesto "at hand;" Arm. jern "hand;" Lith. pa-žastis "arm-pit;" PIE *ghes-to-) + yâr "helper; companion" (Mid.Pers. hayyâr "helper," hayyârêh "help, aid, assistance," Proto-Iranian *adyāva-bara-, cf. Av. aidū- "helpful, useful").

night blindness
  شبکوری   
šabkuri (#)

Fr.: nyctalopie   

An eye disease which is the difficulty in seeing at night or in dim light. Opposite of → hemeralopia. Also called → nyctalopia.

night; → blindness.

nightglow
  شب‌فروز، شب‌فروغ   
šabforuz, šabforuq

Fr.: luminescence nocturne   

Same as → airglow.

night; → glow.

polar night
  شب ِ قطبی   
šab-e qotbi

Fr.: nuit polaire   

In polar regions, the portion of the year when the Sun does not rise above the horizon. Its length changes from twenty hours at the Arctic/Antarctic Circle (latitude 66°33' N or S) to 179 days at the North/South Pole.

polar; → day.

white night
  شب ِ سفید   
šab-e sefid (#)

Fr.: nuit blanche   

The circumstance pertaining to polar latitudes in which when the Sun sets its center does not go beyond 6° below the horizon and the → twilight lasts all the night.

white; → night.