An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 731
moonquake
  مانگ-لرزه   
mâng-larze

Fr.: tremblement de lune   

A → seismic event occurring on the → Moon; the lunar equivalent of an → earthquake. Moonquakes were first detected by the → seismometers placed on the Moon by Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972. The instruments placed by the Apollo 12, 14, 15, and 16 missions were functional until 1977. Unlike earthquakes, moonquakes are not believed to be caused by → tectonic plate movement, but by → tidal forces between Earth and the Moon. There are at least four different kinds of moonquakes: (1) deep moonquakes about 700 km below the surface. They occur at monthly intervals at about 100 distinct sites, indicating that these moonquakes are caused by → stresses from changes in lunar tides as the Moon orbits the Earth; (2) vibrations from the impact of → meteorites; (3) thermal quakes caused by the expansion of the frigid crust when first illuminated by the morning sun after two weeks of deep-freeze lunar night; and (4) shallow moonquakes only 20 or 30 km below the surface (science.nasa.gov/science-news).

moon; → quake.

moonrise
  بر‌آمد ِ ماه   
barâmad-e mâh (#)

Fr.: lever de la lune   

The times at which the apparent upper limb of the ascending Moon is on the astronomical horizon.

moon; → rise.

moonset
  فروشد ِ مانگ   
forušod-e mâng (#)

Fr.: coucher de la lune   

The crossing of the visible horizon by the upper limb of the descending Moon.

moon; → set.

moonset lag
  لک ِ فروشد ِ مانگ   
lek-e forušod-e mâng

Fr.: retard du coucher de la lune   

The delay between → sunset and → moonset.

moonset; → lag.

Mordor
  موردور   
Mordor

Fr.: Mordor   

A unique feature of → Pluto's large satellite → Charon. It appears as a dark reddish area about 475 km in diameter in Charon's north polar region, as revealed in → New Horizons' approach images. It has been proposed that the feature is due to gas from Pluto. A part of Pluto's → atmosphere (→ methane molecules) is transiently cold-trapped and processed at Charon's winter pole (W. M. Grundy et al., 2016, Nature, 14 September).

Unofficial name.

Moreton wave
  موج ِ مورتون   
mowj-e Moreton

Fr.: onde de Moreton   

A large-scale → shock wave observed in Hα on the Sun's → chromosphere that is generated by the impact of a → solar flare. Moreton waves expand outward at about 1,000 km/s, and may travel for several hundred thousand kilometers. They are accompanied by meter-wave radio bursts.

Named after the American astronomer Gail E. Moreton (1960, A.J. 65, 494); → wave.

Morgan-Keenan classification
  رده‌بندی ِ مورگان-کینان   
radebandi-ye Morgan-Keenan (#)

Fr.: classification de Morgan-Keenan   

A system of → spectral classification introduced in 1943 by William W. Morgan (1906-1994), Philip C. Keenan (1908-2000), and Edith M. Kellman (1911-2007) at Yerkes Observatory. Also known as the MK (or MKK) classification or the → Yerkes system.

Named after the two main astronomers, as above; → classification.

morning
  بامداد   
bâmdâd (#)

Fr.: matin   

The first part or period of the day, extending from dawn, or from midnight, to noon. Not a precise astronomical term.

From M.E. morn, morwen, from O.E. margen earlier morgen (cf. O.H.G. morgen, Goth. maurgins) + → -ing.

Bâmdâd, from Mid.Pers. bâmdâd "morning, dawn," from bâm "beam of light, splendor," bâmik "brilliant" (from Av. *bāma- "light," bāmya- "light, luminous, bright," vīspô.bāma- "all resplendent," from bā- "to shine;" cf. Skt. bhāti- "light, splendor") + dâd "given," from dâdan "to give" (O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," dadāiti "he gives;" Skt. dadáti "he gives;" Gk. tithenai "to place, put, set," didomi "I give;" L. dare "to give, offer," facere "to do, to make;" Rus. delat' "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do;" PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do").

morning star
  روجا، ستاره‌ی ِ بامداد   
rujâ (#), setâre-ye bâmdâd (#)

Fr.: étoile du matin   

Not actually a star, but the planet Venus shining brightly in the east just before or at sunrise. Opposed to → evening star.

morning; → star.

Rujâ "morning star" in Tabari, "star" in Gilaki. This word is a variant of official Pers. ruz "day," since in Tabari and Gilaki the phoneme z is sometimes changed into j, as in rujin = rowzan "window" and jir or jer = zir "under." Therefore it is related to rowšan "bright, clear," rowzan "window, aperture;" foruq "light," afruxtan "to light, kindle;" Mid.Pers. rôšn "light; bright, luminous," rôc "day;" O.Pers. raucah-rocânak "window;" O.Pers. raocah- "light, luminous; daylight;" Av. raocana- "bright, shining, radiant;" akin to Skt. rocaná- "bright, shining," roka- "brightness, light;" Gk. leukos "white, clear;" L. lumen (gen. luminis) "light," from lucere "to shine," related to lux "light," lucidus "clear," luna, "moon;" Fr. lumière "light;" O.E. leoht, leht, from W.Gmc. *leukhtam (cf. O.Fris. liacht, M.Du. lucht, Ger. Licht), from PIE *leuk- "light, brightness;" → morning; → star.

morphism
  ریخت‌مندی   
rixtmandi

Fr.: morphisme   

A → mapping between two → objects in a → category.

morphology; → -ism.

From rixt, → morphology, + -mandi, → ism.

morphologic
  ریخت‌شناختی   
rixtšenâxti (#)

Fr.: morphologique   

Of or relating to → morphology. Same as morphological

morphology; → -ic.

morphological
  ریخت‌شناختی   
rixtšenâxti (#)

Fr.: morphologique   

Of or relating to → morphology. Same as morphological

morphologic; → -al.

morphological classification
  رده‌بندی ِ ریخت‌شناختی   
radebandi-ye rixtšenâxti (#)

Fr.: classification morphologique   

A classification scheme of galaxies based on their apparent shape. → Hubble classification.

morphological; → classification.

morphology
  ریخت، ریخت‌شناسی   
rixt, rixtšenâsi (#)

Fr.: morphologie   

1) The study of the form or → structure of anything.
2) The → form and structure of a whole entity under study.
3) Linguistics: The structure of → words in a → language, including patterns of → inflections and → derivation. The study and description of such structures.

From Gk. morphe "form, shape, outward appearance" + → -logy.

Rixt "shape, the way something is cast, as in founding," past stem of rixtan "to cast; to pour; to flow" (Mid.Pers. rēxtan and rēcitan "to flow;" Av. raēk- "to leave, set free; to yield, transfer," infinitive *ricyā; Mod.Pers; rig in morderig "heritage" (literally, "left by the dead"); cf. Skt. rinakti "he leaves," riti- "stream; motion, course;" L. rivus "stream, brook;" Old Church Slavic rēka "river;" Rus. reka "river;" Goth. rinnan "run, flow," rinno "brook;" O.E. ridh "stream." šenâsi, → -logy.

morphology-density relation
  بازانش ِ ریخت-چگالی   
bâzâneš-e rixt-cagâli

Fr.: relation morphologie-densité   

An observationally determined relationship between the → morphological classification of galaxies and the → environments in which they are located. Specifically, the morphology-density relation indicates that early-type galaxies (→ ETG) are preferentially located in high density environments, whereas late-type galaxies (→ LTG) are preferentially found in low density environments. Hence, spiral galaxies are rare in the high densities of clusters and are common in the lower density group environments. Early-type galaxies, on the other hand, are common in clusters and are rarely found in isolation.

morphology; → density; → relation.

mosaic
  موزاییک   
mozâyik (#)

Fr.: mosaïque   

A composite image built up from a number of image segments.

From O.Fr. mosaicq "mosaic work," from M.L. musaicum "mosaic work, work of the Muses," from musaicus "of the Muses," from L. Musa.

Mössbauer effect
  ا ُسکر ِ موسباؤر   
oskar-e Mössbauer

Fr.: effet Mössbauer   

The resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms bound in a solid form.

Named after Rudolf Mößbauer (1929-), a German physicist who studied gamma rays from nuclear transitions, and discovered this phenomenon in 1957; → effect.

MOST Space Telescope
  تلسکوپ ِ فضایی ِ MOST   
teleskop-e fazâyi-ye MOST

Fr.: télescope spatial MOST   

A small telescope dedicated entirely to → asterolseismology. MOST is the first space telescope entirely designed and constructed by Canada. It was launched into space in 2003. The satellite weighs only 54 kg and is equipped with an ultra high precision telescope that measures only 15 centimetres in diameter. Despite its tiny size, it is ten times more sensitive than the → Hubble Space Telescope in detecting the minuscule variations in a star's luminosity caused by vibrations that shake its surface. MOST completes one orbit around the Earth every 101 minutes by passing over each of Earth's poles.

MOST, short for Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope.

mother
  مادر   
mâdar (#)

Fr.: mère   

A female → parent.

M.E. mother, moder, O.E. modor; cf. O.S. modar, O.N. moðir, Da. moder, Du. moeder, O.H.G. muoter, Ger. Mutter; PIE *mater- "mother;" akin to Pers. mâdar, as below.

Mâdar, from Mid.Pers. mâd, mâdar; O.Pers./Av. mātar- "mother;" cf. Ossetic mad/madae "mother;" Khotanese mâta "mother;" Skt. mātár- "mother;" Gk. meter, mater; L. mater (Fr. mère, Sp. madre).

motion
  جنبش   
jonbeš (#)

Fr.: mouvement   

The action or process of moving or of changing place or position; movement.

Verbal noun of → move.

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