An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 731
magnetic pressure
  فشار ِ مغناتیسی   
fešâr-e meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: pression magnétique   

The pressure exerted by a magnetic field on the material that contains the field.

magnetic; → pressure.

magnetic quantum number
  عدد ِ کو‌آنتومی ِ مغناتیسی   
adad-e kuântomi-ye meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: nombre quantique magnétique   

In atomic physics, a quantum number that denotes the energy levels available within a subshell. Designated by the letter m, it is one of a set of quantum numbers which describe the unique quantum state of an electron.

magnetic; → quantum; → number.

magnetic reconnection
  بازهابند ِ مغناتیسی   
bâzhâband-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: reconnexion magnétique   

In a → plasma, a change of → magnetic connectivity of plasma elements due to the presence of a localized → diffusion region. It allows charged particles to move from one → magnetic field line to another. Magnetic reconnection is an important process transforming magnetic energy into heat or/and kinetic energy. Magnetic reconnection events occur in the Earth's → magnetosphere. The process plays an important role in explosive phenomena in the Sun, such as → coronal mass ejections and → solar flares which heat the → solar corona.

magnetic; → re-; → connection.

magnetic relaxation
  واهلش ِ مغناتیسی   
vâheleš meqnâtisi

Fr.: relaxation magnétique   

The process by which a magnetic system relaxes to its minimum energy state over time.

magnetic; → relaxation.

magnetic resonance
  بازاوایی ِ مغناتیسی   
bâzâvâyi-ye meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: résonance magnétique   

A phenomenon exhibited by certain atoms whereby they absorb energy at specific (resonant) frequencies when subjected to alternating magnetic fields.

magnetic; → resonance.

magnetic reversal
  وارونش ِ مغناتیسی   
vâruneš-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: inversion magnétique   

A change in the Earth's → magnetic field in which the → magnetic north pole is transformed into a → magnetic south pole and the magnetic south pole becomes a magnetic north pole. There are geological proofs indicating that the Earth's magnetic field has undergone numerous reversals of → polarity in the past. In the last 10 million years, there have been, on average, 4 or 5 reversals per million years. At other times, for example during the → Cretaceous era, there have been much longer periods when no reversals occurred. Over the past two centuries, Earth's magnetic field has weakened by 15%. Risks of a weak magnetic field include more deaths from cancer due to increased radiation, electrical grid collapse from severe solar storms, climate change, and temporary ozone holes. See also → geomagnetic excursion.

magnetic; → reversal.

magnetic Reynolds number
  عدد ِ رینولدز ِ مغناتیسی   
adad-e Reynolds-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: nombre de Reynolds magnétique   

A → dimensionless quantity used in → magnetohydrodynamics to describe the relative balance of → magnetic advection to → magnetic diffusion. It is given by: Rm = σμ0νLU0, where σ is the → conductivity of the fluid, μ0 is the → magnetic permeability of the fluid, L is he characteristic length scale of the fluid flow, and U0 the characteristic velocity of the flow. A typical value for the Earth is Rm ~ 200.

magnetic; → Reynolds number.

magnetic rigidity
  سخت‌پایی ِ مغناتیسی   
saxtpâyi-ye meqnâtisi

Fr.: rigidité magnétique   

In → plasma physics, a → quantity that describes the → resistance of a → charged particle to change its direction of motion under the influence of a perpendicular → magnetic field. Rigidity is defined as: R = rLBc = (pc)/(Ze), where rL is the → Larmor radius, B is → magnetic induction, c is the → speed of light, p is the → momentum of the particle, Z is → atomic number, and e the → electron charge. Since pc has the dimensions of energy and e the dimensions of charge, rigidity has the dimensions of → volts (a 10 GeV proton has a rigidity of 10 GV). In → cosmic ray studies, the energies of cosmic rays are often quoted in terms of their rigidities, rather than their energies per nucleon.

magnetic; → rigidity.

magnetic south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر ِ مغناتیسی   
qotab-e daštar-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: pôle sud magnétique   

The → counterpart of the → magnetic north pole. It lies near the → geographic north pole.

magnetic; → south; → pole.

magnetic splitting
  فاقش ِ مغناتیسی   
fâqeš-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: dédoublement magnétique   

A process whereby the (internal) → magnetic field of a star modifies the → pulsations by lifting some of its degeneracy. Instead of just one pulsation frequency, a multiplet of frequencies is then observed. This effect was proposed as a possible explanation for the observed frequency pattern of → Beta Cephei. In practice, the magnetic splitting is difficult to observe, because of the very small expected frequency difference between the peaks. However, when unaccounted for, it may lead to a wrong mode identification. The current best candidate to detect magnetic splitting is → HD 43317, since this star displays two close frequency patterns (Buysschaert et al., 2017, astro-ph/1709.02619).

magnetic; → splitting.

magnetic star
  ستاره‌ی ِ مغناتیسی   
setâre-ye meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: étoile magnétique   

A star whose → spectral lines show the → Zeeman effect. See also: → stellar magnetic field, → magnetic massive star, → Ap/Bp star.

magnetic; → star.

magnetic storm
  توفان ِ مغناتیسی   
tufân-e meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: orage magnétique   

A temporary, worldwide disturbance of the Earth's magnetic field by streams of charged particles from the Sun. Magnetic storms are frequently characterized by a sudden onset, in which the magnetic field undergoes marked changes in the course of an hour or less, followed by a very gradual return to normalcy, which may take several days.

magnetic; → storm.

magnetic susceptibility
  برخودگیری ِ مغناتیسی   
barxodgiri-ye meqnêtisi

Fr.: susceptibilité magnétique   

A property of material defined by the ratio of the → magnetization to the → magnetic intensity. In other words, the magnetization per unit magnetic intensity.

magnetic; → susceptibility.

magnetic tape
  نوار ِ مغناتیسی   
navâr-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: bande magnétique   

A continuous, flexible ribbon impregnated or coated with magnetic-sensitive material on which information (sound, images, data, etc.) may be recorded.

magnetic; → tape.

magnetic tension
  تنش ِ مغناتیسی   
taneš-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: tension magnétique   

In → magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) treatment of → plasmas, that component of the → Lorentz force which is directed toward the centre of curvature of the → magnetic field lines and thus acts to straighten out the field lines. The Lorentz force can be decomposed into two components orthogonal to the magnetic field: j× B = (B . ∇) B / μ0 - ∇ (B2 / 2μ0), where j is the → current density, μ0 is the → magnetic permeability of free space, and B is the → magnetic flux density. The left side term is the Lorentz force, the first term on the right side is the magnetic tension and the second term the → magnetic pressure.

magnetic; → tension.

magnetic vector potential
  توند ِ برداری ِ مغناتیسی   
tavand-e bordâri-ye meqnâtisi

Fr.: vecteur potentiel magnétique   

A vector field A defined so that the → magnetic field  B is given by its → curl: B = ∇ x A.

magnetic; → vector; → potential.

magnetic-dipole radiation
  تابش ِ دوقطبه‌ی ِ مغناتیسی   
tâbeš-e doqotbe-ye meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: rayonnement du dipôle magnétique   

Radiation emitted by a rotating magnet.

magnetic; → dipole; → radiation.

magnetics
  مغناتیک   
meqnâtik

Fr.: magnétisme   

The study of magnetic phenomena, comprising magnetostatics and electromagnetism.

magnetic; → -ics.

magnetism
  مغنات‌مندی   
meqnâtmandi

Fr.: magnétisme   

The science of magnetic phenomena, including the fields and forces produced by magnets and, more generally, by moving electric charges.

N.L. magnetismus; → magnet + → -ism.

Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS)
     
MiMeS

Fr.: MiMeS   

An international collaboration devoted to the study of the origin and physics of → magnetic fields in → massive stars. The project uses several observatories and a large number of telescopes equipped with → spectropolarimetric and → asteroseismologic instruments, including → HARPS, → HARPSpol, and → ESPaDOnS (Wade et al., 2016, MNRAS 456, 2).

magnetism; → massive; → star.

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