An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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positioning
  نهش‌داد، نهشداد   
nehešdâd

Fr.: positionnement   

The act or process of putting in a particular position or determining the psition of.

Verbal noun of → position; → -ing.

positive
  داهیدار   
dâhidâr

Fr.: positif   

1) General: Explicitly stated, stipulated, or expressed.
2) Capable of being measured, detected, or perceived.
3) Math.: Noting a quantity greater than zero.
4) Physics: Having an electrical charge of the same polarity as that of a proton.
5) Photography: Having colors or values of dark and light corresponding to the subject.
6) Philosophy: Relating to the theory that knowledge can be acquired only through direct observation and experimentation, and not through metaphysics or theology. → positivism.
7) Law: Conclusive and beyond doubt or question; irrefutable.
8) Opposite of → negative.
See also:
positive charge, → positive correlation, → positive feedback, → positive skewness, → positiveness, → positivism.

M.E., from O.Fr. positif, from L. positivus "placed, settled; positive" (opposed to naturalis "natural"), from posit-, from positus "placed, put," p.p. of ponere "to put, place, set" + -ivus a suffix of adjectives.

Dâhidâr, from dâhid- + -âr. The first component is the past stem of *dâhidan "to put, create, determine," variant of dehidan, dâdan "to give;" from Mid.Pers. dâdan, dahidan "to give; to create;" O.Pers. dā- "to give, grant, yield;" Av. dā- "to give, grant; put; create; determine;" dāhi "he would give/put" (single second person, subjunctive transitive), dadāiti "he gives;" cf. Skt. dadáti "he gives;" Gk. tithenai "to place, put, set," didomi "I give;" L. dare "to give, offer," facere "to do, to make;" Rus. delat' "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do;" PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do." The second component -âr, accusative suffix; on the model of gereftâr "captive, involved (in trouble)," didâr "exposed to view."

positive charge
  بار ِ داهیدار   
bâr-e dâhidâr

Fr.: charge positive   

A charge having sign opposite to that of the electron.

positive; → charge.

positive correlation
  هم‌باز‌آنش ِ داهیدار   
hambâzâneš-e dâhidâr

Fr.: correlation positive   

Same as → direct correlation.

positive; → correlation.

positive feedback
  بازخورد ِ داهیدار   
bâzxord-e dâhidâr

Fr.: rétroaction positive   

A → feedback process in which the → output reacts on the → input so as to increase the initial → effect.

positive; → feedback.

positive skewness
  کژالی ِ داهیدار   
kažâli-ye dâhidâr

Fr.: asymétrie positive   

Of a distribution function, a skewness in which the right tail (tail at the large end of the distribution) is more pronounced than the left tail (tail at small end of the distribution). → negative skewness.

positive; → skewness.

positiveness
  داهیداری   
dâhidâri

Fr.: positivité   

The quality or state of being positive; positivity.

positive + → -ity.

positivism
  داهیدارباوری   
dâhidârbâvari

Fr.: positivisme   

Any doctrine that excludes a priori affirmations and admits only positive truth, i.e. factual knowledge gained through observation.

From Fr. positivisme, from positif, → positive, in its philosophical sense of "imposed on the mind by experience;" → -ism.

positron
  پوزیترون   
pozitron

Fr.: positron   

The → antiparticle of the → electron, which has the same → mass, → spin, and → electric charge as the electron, but the charge is → positive. Positrons may be generated by → radioactive decay or by → pair production from energetic → gamma ray photons.

From posi(tive), → positive + (elec)tronelectron.

positronium
  پوزیترونیوم   
pozitroniom

Fr.: positronium   

A short-lived bound state of a positron and an electron.

From → positron + -ium (as in barium, titanium), from N.L., from L. neuter suffix.

potential density
  چگالی ِ توند   
cagâli-ye tavand

Fr.: densité potentielle   

Of a fluid parcel at pressure P, the density that it would acquire if adiabatically brought to a reference pressure.

potential; → density.

power spectral density
  چگالی ِ بینابی ِ توان   
cagâli-ye binâbi-ye tavân

Fr.: densité spectrale de puissance   

Same as → spectral density.

power; → spectral; → density.

preposition
  پیشهل   
pišhel

Fr.: préposition   

A word used with a noun or pronoun to mark its relation with another word.

From L. praepositionem "a putting before," from praepositus, p.p. of praeponere "put before," from prae "before," → pre-, + ponere "put, set, place," → position.

Pišhel, from piš-, "before," → pre-, + hel-, helidan, heštan "to place, put," → leap.

probability density function
  کریای ِ چگالی ِ شوانایی   
karyâ-ye cagâli-ye šavânâyi

Fr.: fonction de densité de probabilité   

A mathematical function whose integral over any interval gives the probability that a continuous → random variable has values in this interval. Also known as → density function, frequency function, → probability function.

probability; → density; → function.

proposition
  فراهل، گزاره   
farâhel, gozâré (#)

Fr.: proposition   

1) The act of offering or suggesting something to be considered, accepted, adopted, or done.
2) A plan or scheme proposed.
3) Logic: A statement in which something is affirmed or denied, so that it can therefore be significantly characterized as either true or false.
4) Math.: A formal statement of either a truth to be demonstrated or an operation to be performed; a theorem or a problem (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → propose.

propositional
  گزاره‌ای   
gozaare#ay (#)

Fr.: propositionnel   

Logic: Of, relating to, or in the form of a → proposition.

proposition; → -al.

propositional constant
  پایای ِ گزاره‌ای   
pâyâ-ye gozaare#ay

Fr.: constante propositionnelle   

Logic: A → propositional symbol that represents a → specific → proposition.

propositional; → constant.

propositional logic
  گوییک ِ گزاره‌ای، ~ گزاره‌ها   
guyik-e gozâre-yi, ~ gozaarehâ

Fr.: logique propositionnelle   

A branch of logic that deals with the → truth values of logical statements (→ sentences, → propositions) and uses → logical connectives to build more complex → expressions. The distinctive feature of propositional logic is that it does not deal with logical relationships and properties that involve the parts of a statement smaller than the simple statements making it up. The propositions are evaluated as → true or → false. A more expressive system is provided by the → first-order logic.

proposition; → -al; → logic.

propositional symbol
  نماد ِ گزاره‌ای   
nemâd-e gozâreyi

Fr.: symbole propositionnel   

An upper case letter, e.g. "A," "B," "C," etc. representing a → proposition. Propositional symbols are divisible into two sorts: → propositional constants and → propositional variables.

propositional; → symbol.

propositional variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ گزاره‌ای   
vartande-ye gozâre-yi

Fr.: variable propositionnel   

Logic: A → propositional symbol that represents any → proposition whatsoever.

propositional; → variable.

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