An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 502
biophysicist
  زیست‌فیزیکدان   
zistfizikdân (#)

Fr.: biophysicien   

A specialist in → biophysics.

bio-; → physicist.

biophysics
  زیست‌فیزیک   
zistfizik (#)

Fr.: biophysique   

The science that deals with biological structures and processes involving the application of physical principles and methods.

Biophysics, from → bio- + → physics.

Zistfizik, from zist-, → bio- + fizikphysics.

biosignature
  زیست-نشانزد   
zist-nešânzad

Fr.: biosignature   

A substance or phenomenon whose presence in an object such as a → meteorite or an → exoplanet indicates the existence of life.

bio-; → signature.

biosphere
  زیست‌سپهر   
zistsepehr (#)

Fr.: biosphère   

The part of a planet or moon within which life can occur. It may include the crust, oceans, and atmosphere.

Biosphere, from → bio- + → sphere.

Zistsepehr, from zizt-, → bio-, + sepehrsphere.

Biot-Savart law
  قانون ِ بی‌یو-ساوار   
qânun-e Biot-Savart (#)

Fr.: loi de Biot-Savart   

The → magnetic field due to → electric current flowing in a long straight conductor is directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance of the point of observation from the conductor. The law is derivable from → Ampere's law, but was obtained experimentally by the authors.

Named after the French physicists Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) and Félix Savart (1791-1841); → law.

biotic environment
  پرگیر ِ زیستیک   
pargir-e zistik

Fr.: environnement biotique   

Ecology: The environment consisting of living organisms, which interact with each other and with their non-living surroundings.

Biotic adj. of → biotics; of → environment.

biotics
  زیستیک   
zistik

Fr.: biotique   

The science concerned with the functions of life, or vital activity and force.

From biotic, from Gk. biotikos "of or pertaining to life," from → bio- + -tic a suffix equivalent in meaning to → -ic.

bipolar
  دوقطبی   
doqotbi (#)

Fr.: bipolaire   

Having two poles; having two opposite main structures or components.

Bipolar, from → bi- + → polar, from → pole.

Doqotbi, from do-, → bi-, + qotbi, → polar, from qotb, → pole.

bipolar flow
  تچان ِ دوقطبی   
tacân-e doqotbi

Fr.: flot bipolaire   

Same as → bipolar outflow.

bipolar; → flow.

bipolar jet
  شان ِ دوقطبی   
šân-e doqotbi

Fr.: jet bipolaire   

One of two beams of high-temperature, ionized gas ejected in two opposite directions associated with a → protostar. The collimated jets, a consequence of the → accretion process, can extend over distances of several → light-years.

bipolar; → jet.

bipolar nebula
  میغ ِ دوقطبی   
miq-e doqotbi

Fr.: nébuleuse bipolaire   

An interstellar cloud of ionized gas with two main lobes which lie symmetrically on either side of a central star. The bipolar shape is generally due to the ejection of material by the central star in opposing directions.

bipolar; → nebula.

bipolar outflow
  ا ُستچان ِ دوقطبی   
ostacân-e doqotbi

Fr.: flot bipolaire   

A flow of gaseous material in two opposite directions emanating from protostellar regions or from → evolved stars during the early post-→ AGB evolution. In protostellar regions → molecular outflows are pushed by → bipolar jets.

bipolar; → outflow.

Ostacân, → outflow; doqotbibipolar.

birefringence
  دوشکست   
došekast (#)

Fr.: biréfringence   

A property of some crystalline materials (e.g. calcite, quartz) which have different indices of refraction associated with different crystallographic directions. Therefore, the crystal splits incident transmitted light into two beams, each polarized perpendicularly to the other. Also called double refraction.

Birefringence, from → bi- + refringence, from L. refringere "to break up," from → re- "back" + combination form of frangere "to break."

Došekast, from do- "two," → bi- + šekast "breaking," from šekastan "to break up," Mid.Pers. škastan, Av. skand- "to break."

birefringent
  دوشکستگر، دوشکستی   
došekastgar, došekasti (#)

Fr.: biréfringent   

Of or relating to → birefringence.

birefringent filter
  پالایه‌ی ِ دوشکستی، ~ دوشکستگر   
pâlâye-ye došekastgar, ~ došekasti

Fr.: filtre biréfringent   

A type of narrow-band filter that uses the birefringence to produce selective absorption of polarized light.

birefringent; → filter.

birefringent vacuum
  خلأ ِ دوشکستگر   
xala'-e došekastgar

Fr.: vide biréfringent   

Empty space undergoing → vacuum birefringence.

birefringent; → vacuum.

Birkhoff's theorem
  فربین ِ بیرکهوف   
farbin-e Birkhoff

Fr.: théorème de Birkhoff   

For a four dimensional → space-time, the → Schwarzschild metric is the only solution of → Einstein's field equations which describes the gravitational field created by a spherically symmetrical distribution of mass. The theorem implies that the gravitational field outside a sphere is necessarily static, and that the metric inside a spherical shell of matter is necessarily flat.

The theorem was first demonstrated in 1923 by George David Birkhoff (1884-1944), an American mathematician; → theorem

birth
  ۱) زایمان؛ ۲) زادمان، زاد؛ ۳) زایش   
1) zâymân; 2) zâdmân, zâd; 3) zâyeš

Fr.: 1) acouchement; 2;3 ) naissance   

1) The act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring.
2) The act or fact of being born.
3) The coming into existence of something.

M.E. byrthe; O.E. gebyrd; cf. O.H.G. giburt, Ger. geburt; PIE *bhrto, from *bher- "to bear."

1) Zâymân, from zây present stem of zâyidan, zâdan "to give birth" (Mid.Pers. zâtan; Av. zan- "to bear, give birth to a child, be born," infinitive zazāite, zāta- "born;" cf. Skt. janati "begets, bears;" Gk. gignesthai "to become, happen;" L. gignere "to beget," gnasci "to be born;" PIE base *gen- "to give birth, beget") + -mân a suffix forming verbal nouns, → organization.
2) Zâd, past stem of zâyidan, zâdan, as above; zâdmân with prefix -mân, as above.
3) Zâyeš, from zây, present stem of zâyidan + -eš suffix of verbal nouns, → -tion.

birth binary population (BBP)
  پرینش ِ دورین‌ها هنگام ِ زادمان   
porineš-e dorinhâ hengâm-e zâdmân

Fr.: population binaire à la naissance   

In star formation models, the population of binary components formed via random pairing of stars distributed according to the → canonical IMF.

birth; → binary; → population.

birthline
  زاد-خط   
zâd-xatt

Fr.: ligne de naissance   

The path in the → H-R diagram that continuously → accreting stars follow. Stars on the birthline are difficult to observe, because they are hidden by the → accretion disk and a dense → cocoon of → interstellar matter. The star becomes visible once a sufficient amount of the surrounding matter has been dispersed. It follows that the young starsare observed generally between the birthline and the → zero-age main sequence (ZAMS). Before hydrogen ignition, gravitational contraction and deuterium burning are the main energy sources for the star. The localization of the birthline depends on the deuterium → accretion rate. First introduced by R. Behrend & A. Maeder, 2001 (A&A 373, 190).

birth; → line.


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