An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
singular
  تکین   
takin (#)

Fr.: singulier   

Math.: 1) Of or pertaining to a linear transformation from a vector space to itself that is not one-to-one.
2) Of or pertaining to a matrix having a determinant equal to zero.

M.E., from O.Fr. singuler "single, separate," from L. singularis "single, solitary," from singulus "one, individual, separate," from sim- (stem of simplus) + diminutive suffix.

Takin, from tak "single, alone," related to tâq "odd, single," tâ, tâh "piece, part; fold, plait, ply;" Mid.Pers. tak "single," tâg, tâk, tâi "unit, piece, after numerals" + -in adj. suffix.

singular isothermal sphere
  کره‌ی ِ ایزودمای ِ تکین   
kore-ye izodamâ-ye takin

Fr.: sphère isotherme singulère   

In models of star formation, an isothermal sphere in which the density distribution in the static or nearly static outer envelope obeys an r-2 power law. In the limit of infinite central concentration, the unstable equilibrium approaches the singular isothermal sphere which has the density and mass distributions ρ(r) = (a2/2πG)r-2 and M(r) = (2a2/G)r, where a is the isothermal → sound speed inside the cloud, G is the → gravitational constant, and r the distance from the center (F. H. Shu, 1977, ApJ 214, 488).

singular; → isothermal; → sphere.

singular matrix
  ماتریس ِ تکین   
mâtris-e takin

Fr.: matrice singulière   

A → square matrix that does not have a → matrix inverse.

singular; → matrix.

singular point
  نقطه‌ی ِ تکین   
noqte-ye takin

Fr.: point singulier   

The point M0(x0,y0) of the curve F(x,y) = 0, where at least one of the → partial derivatives ∂F/∂x and ∂F/∂y vanishes. See also → ordinary point.

singular; → point.

singular solution
  لویش ِ تکین   
luyeš-e takin

Fr.: solution singulière, ~ particulière   

Of partial differential equations, the solution which cannot be obtained from the general solution by particular choice of arbitrary functions. → general solution; → particular solution.

singular; → solution.

singularity
  تکینی   
takini (#)

Fr.: singularité   

1) Math.: A point at which a given mathematical object is not defined.
2) Physics: A point in → space-time in which gravitational force causes space-time to have infinite curvature; matter is crushed to infinite density and zero volume. This happens at the center of a → black hole where space and time cease to exist as we know them, and the known laws of physics break down. See also → Schwarzschild singularity; → initial singularity.

singular + → -ity.

sink
  چاهک   
câhak (#)

Fr.: puits   

1) A region within a system where mass or energy is given up, in contrast to a → source, where mass or energy is released.
2) In hydrodynamics simulation codes of gaseous collapse and → accretion, such as → smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a region of the flow that accretes incoming material but that does not allow it to leave. In in theses simulations an enormous dynamic range is usually encountered, which makes the full problem computationally infeasible. Indeed dynamic range requires enough resolution elements in both space and time to resolve the largest and smallest scales present in the problem. Sinks provide a way of concentrating resolution in regions of interest and evolving different regions with different time-steps. These entities can have stellar scale masses. See also → sink particle.

M.E. sinken, O.E. sincan, from verb; cf. O.S. sinkan, O.N. sökkva, M.Du. sinken, Du. zinken, O.H.G. sinkan, Ger. sinken, Goth. sigqan "to sink."

Câhak, from câh "a well" (Mid.Pers. câh "a well;" Av. cāt- "a well," from kan- "to dig," uskən- "to dig out;" O.Pers. kan- "to dig;" Mod.Pers. kandan "to dig;" cf. Skt. khan- "to dig," khanati "he digs," kha- "cavity, hollow, cave, aperture") + -ak diminutive suffix.

sink particle
  ذره‌ی ِ چاهک   
zarre-ye câhak

Fr.: particule puits   

In hydrodynamics codes, a way of treating a collapsing or accreting region, such as a star, as a simple → point mass. Indeed, in many situations, the scale of interest is much larger than the scale of the → accreting object itself and it would be impossible to perform the calculation otherwise. → Sinks are generally modeled as → Lagrangian particles (see, e.g., Bates et al. 1995, MNRAS 277, 362; Krumholz et al. 2004, ApJ 611, 399; Federrath et al. 2010, ApJ 713, 269).

sink; → particle.

Sinope
  سینوپه   
Sinopé (#)

Fr.: Sinopé   

The outermost of Jupiter's known confirmed satellites, also known as Jupiter IX, discovered by Seth B. Nicholson (1891-1963) in 1914. With a visual magnitude of 18.3, it has a diameter of 28 km and orbits Jupiter at a mean distance of 23,848,000 km every 753 days.

In Gk. mythology a Naias Nymphe who was abducted by Zeus to a Black Sea coast where the city of Sinope was named for her. According to most sources, she tricked Zeus into swearing an oath promising her her virginity.

sinusoidal
  سینوسی   
sinusi (#)

Fr.: sinusoïdal   

Having the characteristics of a sine function; same as → sine wave.

From sinus, → sine, + → -al.

sip
  ۱)چشلیدن؛ ۲) چشل   
1) cašelidan; 2) cašel

Fr.: 1) siroter, boire à petite gorgées; 2) gorgée   

1) To drink (a liquid) a little at a time; take small tastes of.
2) An instance of sipping; a small taste of a liquid; a small quantity taken by sipping (Dictionary.com).

M.E. sippen (v.), akin to Low German sippen "to sip."

Cašel, from Pashto cašəl "to drink," caceq "to drip;" related to cašidan "to taste," → taste.

siphon
  سیفون   
sifon (#)

Fr.: siphon   

A ∩-shaped tube with unequal arms that is used to move a liquid from one level to a lower level via a third level higher than either. Once the short arm is filled, for example, by suction, the liquid flows down in the long arm under the action of gravity due to mass excess in it.

From Fr. siphon, from L. sipho (genitive siphonis), from Gk. siphon "pipe, tube," of unknown origin.

Sirius (α CMa)
  تیشتر   
Tištar (#)

Fr.: Sirius   

The white star in the constellation → Canis Major that is the brightest star of the sky (V = -1.46). Its other designations include HD 48915, HR 2491, and BD-16°1591. Its particular brightness is mostly due to its proximity to the Earth, being a mere 8.6 → light-years away, the fifth closest star system. Sirius is a → dwarf star of → spectral type A0 or A1 V with an → effective temperature of 9,880 K, a mass of 2.063 ± 0.023 Msun (Bond et al., 2017, ApJ 840, 70), and a → luminosity of 26 Lsun. Sirius has a radius of 1.75 solar and a minimum equatorial rotation speed of 16 km s-1. Its → rotation period is less than 5.5 days. This star is a → visual binary (separation 4.6 arcsec, period 50 years), the companion → Sirius B being the first → white dwarf to be discovered. Sirius is a → metal-rich star, its iron content triple that of the Sun, most likely from some sort of → element diffusion.

From L. Sirius, from Gk. Seirios, literally "scorching," because of its brightness.

Tištar, from Mid.Pers. Tištar, from Av. Tištrya- "(name of the deified star) Sirius," literally "the one who belongs to the three stars," in reference to the three stars of → Orion's Belt; ultimately from PIE *tri-str-o-m- "group of three stars," then *tri-str-iia- and by dissimulation Indo-Iranian *ti-str-iia-, Av. *Tištriia- and Vedic Skt. Tisyà (A. Panaino, in Iranica, under Tištrya).

Sirius B
  تیشتر B   
Tištar B

Fr.: Sirius B   

Same as → companion of Sirius.

Sirius; B, letter of alphabet by convention.

Sirrah (α Andromedae)
  رأس‌المسلسله   
Ra's-ol-Mosalsale (#)

Fr.: Sirrah   

Same as → Alpheratz.

Sirah, contraction of Ar. As-Surrat al-Faras (السره‌الفرس) "The Horse's Navel," from surrat (سره) "navel" + faras (فرس) "horse." The name refers to the location of the star in the figure of → Pegasus. However, the star is now considered to belong to the constellation → Andromeda.

Ra's-ol-Mosalsalé, from Ar. Ar-Ra's al-Mar'ah al-Musalsalah "The head of the chained woman," from Ra's "head" + Mar'ah "woman" + Musalsalah "chained".

SIS mixer
  آمیزگر ِ SIS   
âmizgar-e SIS

Fr.: mélangeur SIS   

In a → superheterodyne receiver, a → mixer which consists of a sandwich structure of two superconducting leads separated by a thin isolator. SIS mixers give a good noise performance especially for → millimeter wavelengths.

SIS, acronym for Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor; → mixer.

sister
  خواهر   
xâhar (#)

Fr.: sœur   

A female person having the same parents as another person.

M.E. suster, sister, from O.E. sweostor, swuster or Old Norse systir, in either case ultimately from PIE *swesor; cf. Skt. svásar-, Av. xvaηnhar-, Pers. xâhar, xwâhar, as below, Gk. eor, L. soror (Fr. sœur), O.C.S., Rus. sestra, O.Ir. siur, Sw. syster, Dan. soster, O.Sax. swestar, M.Du. suster, Du. zuster, O.H.G. swester, Ger. Schwester.

Xâhar, xwâhar, from Mid.Pers. xwah(ar) "sister;" Av. xvaηnhar- "sister;" cf. Khotanese hvar- "sister;" cognate with E. sister, as above.

sit
  نشستن   
nešastan (#)

Fr.: s'asseoir   

1) To rest with the body supported by the buttocks or thighs; be seated.
2) To be located or situated.

Nešastan "to sit down; to settle down; to sink;" Mid.Pers. nišastan "to sit;" O.Pers. nišādayam [1 sg.impf.caus.act.] "to sit down, to establish," hadiš- "abode;" Av. nišasiiā [1 sg.subj.acr.] "I shall sit down," from nihad- "to sit down," from → ni- "down; into" + had- "to sit;" PIE base *sed- "to sit;" cf. Skt. sad- "to sit," sidati "sits;" Gk. hezomai "to sit," hedra "seat, chair;" L. sedere "to sit;" O.Ir. suide "seat, sitting;" Welsh sedd "seat;" Lith. sedmi "to sit;" Rus. sad "garden;" Goth. sitan, Ger. sitzen; E. sit. See also: → reside, → settle.

site
  سیت   
sit

Fr.: site   

The position or location of a building, observatory, etc. especially as to its environment. → astronomical site.

M.E., from L situs "position, arrangement, site," from sinere "to let, leave alone, permit," cognate with Av. šiti- "place, abode, residence," as below.

Sit, from Av. šiti- "place, abode, residence," šitāy- "habitation, dwelling," from ši- "to live;" cognate with Skt. ksay- "to live, to stay," kséti "he dwells;" Gk. ktizein "to inhabit, build;" L. situs "position, site; situated."

site selection
  گزینش ِ سیت   
gozineš-e sit

Fr.: sélection de site   

The process of choosing a site for an astronomical observatory based on meteorology, seeing conditions, and access to the site.

site; → selection.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>