An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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<< < amb dif dif gas > >>

Number of Results: 78 Search : iff
ambipolar diffusion
  پخش ِ اوبا قطبی   
paxš-e ubâqotbi

Fr.: diffusion ambipolaire   

A physical process which allows a → molecular cloud to decouple from → interstellar magnetic field in order to undergo → gravitational collapse. A cloud of pure molecular gas would form stars very fast through collapse since neutral matter does not respond to the magnetic field. However, the magnetic field holds up a collapse because the ions present in the cloud collide with the neutrals and tie them to the field. The collapse can then only proceed if the magnetic field can be separated from the gas. In denser molecular cores the ionization degree decreases substantially and therefore neutrals and ions decouple.

ambipolar; → diffusion.

angular differential imaging (ADI)
  تصویرگری ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ زاویه‌ای   
tasvigari-ye degarsâne-yi-ye zâviye-yi

Fr.: imagerie différentielle angulaire   

A high-contrast imaging technique that reduces minute temporal and spatial → seeing fluctuations and facilitates the detection of faint point sources, in close separation from their stars. It consists of the acquisition of a sequence of images with an → altazimuth mounting telescope while the instrument field derotator is switched off. This keeps the instrument and telescope optics aligned and allows the field of view to rotate with respect to the instrument. For each image, a reference → point spread function (PSF) is constructed from other appropriately selected images of the same sequence and subtracted to remove quasistatic PSF structure (Marois et al. 2006, ApJ 641, 556).

angular; → differential; → imaging.

atomic diffusion
  پخش ِ اتمی   
paxš-e atomi

Fr.: diffusion atomique   

element diffusion.

atomic; → diffusion.

binomial differential
  دگرسانه‌ی ِ دونامین   
degarsâne-ye donâmin

Fr.: binôme différentiel   

An expression of the form xm(a + bxn)pdx, where m, n, p, a, and b are constants.

binomial; → differential.

calculus of finite differences
  افماریک ِ دگرسانی‌ها‌ی ِ کرانمند   
afmârik-e degarsânihâ-ye karânmand

Fr.: calcul des différences finies   

A → claculus based on the properties of the successive values of → variable quantities and their → differences or → increments.

calculus, → finite, → difference.

Afmârik, → calculus, degarsânihâ, plural of degarsân, → difference, karânmand, → finite.

cliff
  تندان   
tondân (#)

Fr.: falaise   

A very high steep rock or ice face, especially one that runs along a coastline. → scarp.

M.E., O.E. clif (cf. O.S. clif, O.N. klif, O.H.G. klep, M.Du. klippe, Ger. Klippe "cliff, steep rock").

Tondân, from tond "swift, rapid, brisk," → scarp + -ân a suffix of nuance/relation.

differ
  دگرسان بودن   
degarsân budan (#)

Fr.: différer, être différent   

To be unlike, dissimilar, or distinct in nature or qualities.

From O.Fr. différer, from L. differre "to set apart, differ," from → dis- "away from" + ferre "to carry, bear" (cf. Av. baraiti "carries," O.Pers. barantiy "they carry," Mod.Pers. barad "carries," Skt. bharati "carries," Arm. berem "I carry," Gk. pherein "to carry," O.E., O.H.G. beran, Rus. brat' "to take," bremya "a burden").

Degarsân "different," from degar "another, other" (Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second," O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second," Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second") + sân "manner, semblance" (variant sun, Mid.Pers. sân "manner, kind," Sogdian šôné "career") + budan "to be" (Mid.Pers. budan, from O.Pers./Av. bav- "to be; become, take place," Av. buta- perf. ptcpl. pass., bavaiti "becomes," Skt. bhavati "becomes, happens," bhavah "becoming; condition, state," PIE *bheu- "to be, come into being, become;" cf. Gk. phu- "become," phuein "to bring forth, make grow," L. fui "I was" (perf. tense of esse), futurus "that is to be, future," Ger. present first and second person sing. bin, bist, E. to be, O.Ir. bi'u "I am," Lith. bu'ti "to be," Rus. byt' "to be").

difference
  دگرسانی   
degarsâni (#)

Fr.: différence   

The quality or condition of being different.
Math.: the amount by which one quantity is greater or less than another.
Of two sets A and B, the set consisting of all elements of A which do not belong to B.

Noun form of → differ.

different
  دگرسان   
degarsân (#)

Fr.: différent   

Not alike in character or quality; differing; dissimilar.

Adj. of → difference.

differentiability
  دگرسانی‌پذیری   
degarsânipaziri

Fr.: différentiabilité   

Of a mathematical function, the quality of being → differentiable.

Noun from → differentiable.

differentiable
  دگرسانی‌پذیر، دگرسانیدنی   
degarsânipazir, degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Capable of being → differentiated. → differentiable function.

From → differentiate + → -able.

differentiable function
  کریای ِ دگرسانی‌پذیر، ~ دگرسانیدنی   
karyâ-ye degarsânipazir, ~ degarsânidani

Fr.: différentiable   

Property of a mathematical function if it has a → derivative at a given point.

From → differentiable; → function.

differential
  ۱) دگرسانه؛ ۲) دگرسانه‌ای   
1) degarsâné; 2) degarsâneyi

Fr.: différentiel   

1) Noun.
1a) General: A difference or the amount of difference, as in rate, cost, quantity, degree, or quality, between things that are comparable.
1b) Math.: An infinitesimally small change in a variable; a function of two variables that is obtained from a given function, y = f(x), and that expresses the increment in the given function as the derivative of the function, f'(x), times the increment in the independent variable, written as dy = f'(x) dx.
1c) Electronics: Referring to a circuit, device, or machine whose principle of operation depends on the difference between two opposing effects.
2) Adjective.
2a) General: Of, relating to, or constituting a difference.
2b) Physics: Pertaining to or involving the difference of two or more motions, forces, etc.
2c) Math.: Pertaining to or involving a → derivative or derivatives.

From M.L. differentialis, from differenti(a), → difference, + → -al.

Degarsâné, from degarsân, → different + noun suffix .

differential and integral calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای و درستالی   
afmârik-e degarsâne-yi va dorostâli

Fr.: calcul différentiel et intégral   

The two branches of mathematics that make up the → calculus. → differential calculus; → integral calculus.

differential; → integral; → calculus.

differential calculus
  افماریک ِ دگرسانه‌ای، ~ دگرسانه‌ها   
afmârik-e degarsâneyi, ~ degarsânehâ

Fr.: calcul différentiel   

A branch of calculus which is concerned with the instantaneous rate of change of quantities with respect to other quantities, or more precisely, the local behavior of functions. → integral calculus.

differential; → calculus.

differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hamugeš-e degarsâneyi

Fr.: équation différentielle   

An equation expressing a relationship between an → independent variable, x, an unknown → function, y = f(x), and its → derivatives. The general form of a differential equation is: F(x, y, y', y'', ..., y(n)) = 0, or F(x,y, dy/dx, d2y/dx2, ..., dny/dxn) = 0. See also: → ordinary differential equation; → partial differential equation; → linear differential equation; → exact differential equation; → first-order differential equation; → homogeneous linear differential equation; → nonhomogeneous linear differential equation; → differential equation with separated variables; → differential equation with separable variables.

differential; → equation.

differential equation with separable variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدایی-پذیر   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâyi-pazir

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparables   

A → differential equation of the form: M1(x) N1(y) dx + M2(x) N2(y) dy = 0, which can be reduced to a → differential equation with separated variables.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential equation with separated variables
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای با ورتنده‌های ِ جدا   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi bâ vartandehhâ-ye jodâ

Fr.: équation différentielle à variables séparées   

A → differentail equation that can be transformed into the form: M(x)dx + N(x)dy = 0.

differential; → equation; → separate; → variable.

differential geometry
  هندسه‌ی ِ دگرسانه‌ای   
hendese-ye degarsâneyi

Fr.: géométrie différentielle   

The study of curved spaces using differential calculus.

differential; → geometry.

differential image motion monitor (DIMM)
  پهره‌گر ِ جنبش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ وینه، ~ ~ ~ تصویر   
pahregar-e jonbeš-e degarsâneyi-ye vine, ~ ~ ~ tasvir

Fr.: moniteur de mouvements d'images différentiels, moniteur seeing   

A device that is commonly used to measure the → seeing at optical astronomical sites. The DIMM delivers an estimate of the → Fried parameter based on measuring the variance of the differential image motion in two small apertures, usually cut out in a single larger telescope pupil by a mask. The DIMM concept was introduced by Stock & Keller (1960, in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 1, ed. G. P. Kuiper & B. M. Middlehurst, p. 138), whereas its modern implementation was first described by Sarazin & Roddier (1990, A&A 227, 294).

differential; → image; → motion; → monitor.


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