An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 7 Search : Boson
boson
  بوسون   
boson (#)

Fr.: boson   

Any of a class of particles (such as the → photon, → pion, or → alpha particle) that have zero or integral → spin and do not obey the → Pauli exclusion principle. The energy distribution of bosons is described by → Bose-Einstein statistics. See also: → gauge boson, → Higgs boson, → W boson, → Z boson, → intermediate boson.

Boson, in honor of the Indian-American physicist Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974).

gauge boson
  بوزون ِ گز   
bozon-e gaz

Fr.: boson de jauge   

A class of elementary particles that includes the gluon, photon, W+, W-, and Z0 particles, each having an integral spin.

gauge; → boson.

Higgs boson
  بوسون ِ هیگز   
boson-e Higgs (#)

Fr.: boson de Higgs   

A hypothetical, neutral → elementary particle which plays a key role in the → standard model of → particle physics. This massive particle, whose mass is estimated to be about 125 GeV (→ giga → electron-volts) and a zero → spin, carries the → Higgs field. In the current version of the → electroweak theory, → W boson and → Z boson and all the fundamental constituents (→ quarks and → leptons) get their masses by interacting with the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is produced by the fusion of two → gluons via a triangular loop of virtual top quarks. In the decay process, a loop of virtual top quarks allows the Higgs boson to decay into two photons. The particle's discovery was announced by → CERN in July 2012.

Named after the Scottish physicist Peter Ware Higgs (1929-), one of the researchers who theorized the existence of this particle in 1964. In fact three groups of physicists almost simultaneously published their results on this subject: François Englert and Robert Brout in August 1964; Peter Higgs in October 1964; and Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen, and Tom Kibble in November 1964; → boson.

intermediate boson
  بوسون ِ میانجی   
boson-e miyânji

Fr.: boson intermédiaire   

A hypothetical → elementary particle that mediates the → weak interaction, carrying its effect from one particle to another as the photon does for electromagnetic interactions. First introduced in 1961 by Sheldon Glashow.

intermediate; → boson.

vector boson
  بوسون ِ برداری   
boson-e bordâri

Fr.: boson vectoriel   

In nuclear physics, a → boson with the spin quantum number equal to 1.

vector; → boson.

W boson
  بوسون ِ W   
boson-e W

Fr.: boson W   

A → boson particle that, along with → Z boson, mediates the → weak force in particle interactions. Two kinds of W bosons exist, the W+ and its antiparticle W-. With a mass of 80.4 GeV/c2, the W boson is almost 100 times as massive as the → proton.

W for → weak; → boson.

Z boson
  بوسون ِ Z   
boson-e Z

Fr.: boson Z   

An electrically neutral subatomic particle that along with → W boson mediates the → weak nuclear force. Like the photon, the Z boson is its own antiparticle.

boson.