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point mass noqté jerm, pandé jerm, jerm-e noqtevâr, ~ pandevâr Fr.: masse ponctuelle A hypothetical object which can be thought of as infinitely small. |
point source noqté xan, pandé xan, xan-e noqtevâr, pande-ye ~ Fr.: source ponctuelle A source of radiation at a great distance from the observer; an ideal source of infinitesimal size. |
point spread function (PSF) karyâ-ye gostareš-e noqté, ~ ~ pandé Fr.: fonction d'étalement du point The two-dimensional intensity distribution about the image of a point source. |
Pointers dorahnemâ Fr.: The two stars that form the front of the Big Dipper's bowl, away from the handle. More specifically, the stars Dubhe (α Ursae Majoris) and Merak (β Ursae Majoris). A line through β to α passes close to the North Star and they are used for finding it. → point + -er. Dorahnemâ, literally "the two guides," from do "two" + rah, râh "way, path" (from Mid.Pers. râh, râs "way, street," also rah, ras "chariot;" from Proto-Iranian *rāθa-; cf. Av. raθa- "chariot;" Skt. rátha- "car, chariot," rathyā- "road;" L. rota "wheel," rotare "to revolve, roll;" Lith. ratas "wheel;" O.H.G. rad; Ger. Rad; Du. rad; O.Ir. roth; PIE *roto- "to run, to turn, to roll") + nemâ agent noun of nemudan "to show" (Mid.Pers. nimūdan, nimây- "to show," from O.Pers./Av. ni- "down; into" (Skt. ni "down," nitaram "downward," Gk. neiothen "from below," cf. E. nether, O.E. niþera, neoþera "down, downward, below, beneath," from P.Gmc. *nitheraz, Du. neder, Ger. nieder; PIE *ni- "down, below") + māy- "to measure;" cf. Skt. mati "measures," matra- "measure;" Gk. metron "measure;" L. metrum; PIE base *me- "to measure"). |
pointing âmâješ Fr.: pointage The act or process of directing a telescope. → point. Verbal noun of → point. |
pointing model model-e âmâješ Fr.: modèle de pointage A mathematical model that reproduces the diurnal rotation of the Earth and is used to direct a telescope toward a precise position on the sky. |
poise poise Fr.: poise The unit of viscosity in the c.g.s. system, equal to 1 dyne.s/cm2. Symbol: P Poise, from Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869), a French physiologist and physician who studied the flow of liquids through tubes and developed a method for measuring blood pressure. |
Poiseuille's law qânun-e Poiseuille Fr.: loi de Poiseuille In fluid dynamics, the law that the rate of flow of a liquid through a horizontal tube of uniform radius is directly proportional to the pressure of the liquid and the fourth power of the radius of the tube and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and the length of the tube. Named after Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869), a French physiologist and physician who found the law in 1844; → law. |
Poisson distribution vâbâžeš-e Poisson Fr.: distribution de Poisson A → probability function that characterizes → discrete → random events occurring independently of one another within some definite time or space. It may be regarded as an approximation of the → binomial distribution when the number of events becomes large and the probability of success becomes small. The Poisson distribution is expressed by: f(x) = (λxe-λ)/x!, where λ is the mean number of successes in the interval, e is the base of the → natural logarithm, and x is the number of successes we are interested in. Named after Siméon Denis Poisson (1781-1840), French mathematician, who developed the application of Fourier series to physical problems and made major contributions to the theory of probability and to the calculus of variations; → distribution. |
Poisson's equation hamugeš-e Poisson Fr.: équation de Poisson An equation (∇2φ = 4πGρ) which relates the gravitational (or electromagnetic) potential to the mass density (or charge density). → Poisson distribution; → equation. |
polar 1) qotbi; 2) polâr Fr.: 1) polaire; 2) polar 1) Of or pertaining to the pole of any sphere, a magnet, an electric cell, etc. 1) Adj. of → pole. |
polar alignment âxateš-e qotbi Fr.: alignement polaire The process or the state of making a → telescope's → polar axis → parallel to the → Earth's → rotation axis, that is with the → true North or → South → celestial pole. When this is accomplished, the sky's motion can be cancelled out simply by turning the axis (either by hand or with a motor → drive) at the same rate as the rotation of the Earth, but in the opposite direction. |
polar axis âse-ye qotbi (#) Fr.: axe polaire The axis of an → equatorial mounting that is parallel to the Earth's axis, and consequently points to the celestial pole. |
polar bond band-e qotbi Fr.: lien polaire A chemical bond where the electrons are shared unequally between atoms. The atom that is more electronegative will pull the electrons closer to itself. |
polar cap kolâhak-e qotbi Fr.: calotte polaire 1) Either of the regions around the poles of the Earth that are permanently
covered with ice. |
polar circle parhun-e qotbi, dâyere-ye ~ (#) Fr.: cercle polaire An imaginary parallel circle on the celestial sphere or on the Earth at a distance of 23°.5 from either poles. |
polar coordinates hamârâhâ-ye qotbi (#) Fr.: coordonnées polaires A coordinate system in which the position of any point (M) in a plane is specified by two coordinates: 1) ρ, which expresses the distance from a fixed point (the pole, denoted O), and 2) the number φ, which is the angle formed by the line segment OM and a fixed reference line passing through the pole. → polar; → coordinate. |
polar cusp tize-ye qotbi Fr.: cuspide polaire An area in the Earth's → magnetosphere, where the → magnetosheath plasma has direct access to the → ionosphere. |
polar day ruz-e qotbi (#) Fr.: jour polaire In polar regions, the portion of the year when the Sun is continuously in the sky. Its length changes from twenty hours at the Arctic/Antarctic Circle (latitude 66°33' N or S) to 186 days at the North/South Pole. |
polar distance durâ-ye qotbi Fr.: distance polaire The angular distance of an object from a celestial pole. It is equal to 90° minus the object's declination. |
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