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power-law elliptical galaxy kahkešân-e beyzigun bâ qânun-e tavâni Fr.: galaxie elliptique en loi de puissance An → elliptical galaxy whose → surface brightness can be approximated by a single → power law at small radii (r ≤ 10-20''). More modern interpretations have emphasized that these profiles can be better understood as the inward continuation of the galaxy's overall → Sersic profile, usually modified by an additional, nuclear-scale stellar component (S. P. Rusli et al., 2013, AJ 146, 160). |
Poynting vector bordâr-e Poynting Fr.: vecteur de Poynting The amount of electromagnetic energy flowing through unit area, perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation, per unit time, given by (c/2 π)[E x H]. → Poynting's theorem. → Poynting's theorem; → vector. |
Poynting's theorem farbin-e Poynting Fr.: théorème de Poynting The space through which electromagnetic radiation passes is filled with electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation of the radiation. The rate of energy transfer is given by the Poynting vector. In honor of John Henry Poynting (1852-1914), English physicist; → theorem. |
Poynting-Robertson drag kerre-ye Poynting-Robertson Fr.: traînée de Poynting-Robertson A loss of → orbital angular momentum by tiny ring particles associated with their absorption and re-emission of → solar radiation. Also known as the → Poynting-Robertson effect (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer). → Poynting-Robertson; → drag. |
Poynting-Robertson effect oskar-e Poynting-Robertson Fr.: effet Poynting-Robertson The effect of → solar radiation on a small (centimeter-sized) particle in → orbit around the Sun that causes it to lose velocity and fall gradually into the Sun. The particle → absorbs solar radiation and → radiates the energy → isotropically in its own frame. The particle thereby preferentially radiates (and loses → angular momentum) in the forward direction in the → inertial frame of the Sun (aberration effect). This leads to a decrease in the particle's angular momentum and causes it to spiral sunward. In contrast, the → Yarkovsky effect is anisotropic; the object may be accelerated or decelerated. → Poynting's theorem; Howard Percy Robertson (1903-1961), American physicist and mathematician; → effect. |
practicable varzpazir, varzidani Fr.: praticable That can be done or used or put into practice. |
practical varzâl Fr.: pratique Concerned with practice, as opposed to → theory. |
practice 1) varzidan (#); 2) varzé (#) Fr.: 1) pratiquer; 2) pratique 1a) To do habitually or regularly. M.E. practisen, practizen; O.Fr. practiser "to practice," from M.L. practicare "to do, perform," from L.L. practicus "practical," from Gk. praktikos "practical." 1) Varzidan "to practice, perform; to accustom oneself to; to labor; to sow a field;"
Mid.Pers. warz- "to work, do, practice;"
Av. varəz- "to work, do, perform, exercise;" cf.
Gk. ergon "work;" Arm. gorc "work;" Lith. verziu "tie, fasten, squeeze,"
vargas "need, distress;" Goth. waurkjan; O.E. wyrcan "work,"
wrecan "to drive, hunt, pursue;" E. work;
PIE base *werg- "to work." |
practicing varzandé Fr.: pratiquant Actively following a specified career or way of life. |
practitioner varzmand Fr.: praticien A professional man, especially in medicine and the law. |
Praesepe Perâysepé, Kandu, Âxor Fr.: la Crèche An → open cluster in the constellation → Cancer containing about 50 stars of 6th magnitude or fainter. It lies 577 light-years away. Also called NGC 2632, the Beehive Cluster, or the Manger. From L. praesepe "crib," from which cattle or horses are fed, manger; the neighboring brighter stars Gamma and Delta Cancri (Asellus Borealis and Asellus Australis) were pictured as asses which fed from a manger. Perâysepé, loan from L., as above. |
pragmatic varzâl-gerâ Fr.: pragmatique Concerned with practical results and values; treating things in a practical way. M.Fr. pragmatique, from L. pragmaticus "skilled in business or law," from Gk. pragmatikos "versed in business," from pragma (genitive pragmatos) "civil business, deed, act," from prassein "to do, act, perform." Varzâl-gerâ, literally "practice-inclined," from varzâl, → practical, + -gerâ "inclining toward, intending, making for," → -ist. |
pragmatics varzâl-gerâyik Fr.: pragmatique A branch of → semiotics dealing with the relation between language and the users, especially the constraints they encounter in using language in social interaction, and the corresponding effects on other users in the communication. |
pragmatism varzâl-gerâyi Fr.: pragmatisme Philo.: The doctrine that the truth or value of a concept or assertion is determined by its practical effects upon human interests. |
Prandtl number adad-e Prandtl Fr.: nombre de Prandtl A dimensionless number representing the ratio of the fluid viscosity to the thermal conductivity of a substance; a low number indicates high convection. Named after the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl (1875-1953); → number. |
praxis varzidâr Fr.: praxis 1) The practice and practical side of knowledge or skills, as opposed to the
→ theory. M.L. praxis "practice, action," from Gk. praxis "practice, action, doing," from stem of prassein "to do, to act." Varzidâr, from varzid past stem of varzidan, → practice, + -âr prefix forming nouns of action, such as kerdâr, raftâr, didâr, goftâr, jostâr, etc. |
pre- piš- (#) Fr.: pré- A prefix meaning "before, prior to, in advance of, early, beforehand, in front of." M.E., from O.Fr. pré-, from L. præ (adverb) "before." Piš- "before; in front," from Mid.Pers. pêš "before, earlier," O.Pers. paišiya "before; in the presence of." |
pre-cluster core maqze-ye piš-xuše-yi Fr.: cœur pré-amas A precursor of a small, loosely bound → star cluster (→ bound cluster) as well as an → OB association, with masses ranging from about 10 to 1000 → solar masses or more. |
pre-degenerate star setâre-ye piš-vâgen Fr.: étoile pré-dégénérée Same as → PG 1159 star. → post-; → degenerate; → star. |
pre-dispersion piš-pâšeš Fr.: pré-dispersion A technique in spectroscopy which uses a combination of several dispersive elements (prisms in series or a grism) before focusing the light on the primary disperser, usually a grating, in order to achieve high spectral resolutions. → pre-; → dispersion. |
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