An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
occultation
  فروپوشانش   
forupušâneš

Fr.: occultation   

The blocking of light from an astronomical object, such as a star, by another object, such as the Moon or an asteroid, that passes in front of it. Also, the period of time for which this blocking takes place. A → solar eclipse is a particular case of occultation. Determining the moment of stellar occultation by the Moon is used to improve our knowledge of the lunar orbit. Moreover, the occultation of stars by asteroids or planetary satellites provide important data for better measuring the sizes of the occulting bodies. See also → grazing occultation.

M.E. from L. occultation- "a hiding," from occultat(us), p.p. of occultare "to conceal, keep something hidden," frequentative of occulere "to cover over, conceal," from ob "over" + a verb related to celare "to hide," from PIE base *kel- "to conceal."

Forupušân, from foru- "down, downward; below; beneath" (Mid.Pers. frôt "down, downward;" O.Pers. fravata "forward, downward;" cf. Skt. pravát- "a sloping path, the slope of a mountain") + pušân p.pr. of pušândan, accusative of pôšidan, pôš- "to cover; to wear" (related to pust "skin, hide;" Mid.Pers. pôst; O.Pers. pavastā- "thin clay envelope used to protect unbaked clay tablets;" Skt. pavásta- "cover," Proto-Indo-Iranian *pauastā- "cloth").

occupation
  هَگش   
hageš

Fr.: occupation   

The act of occupying; the state of being occupied.

Verbal noun of → occupy.

occupied level
  تراز ِ هَگیده   
tarâz-e hagidé

Fr.: niveau occupé   

The energy level adopted by a particle, atom, or molecule under quantum mechanical laws.

Occupied, p.p. of → occupy; → level.

occupy
  هَگیدن   
hagidan

Fr.: occuper   

To take or fill up (space, time); to take possession and control of a place.

From O.Fr. occuper, from L. occupare "take over, seize, possess, occupy," from ob "over" + intensive form of capere "to grasp, seize, take;" PIE base *kap- "to grasp" (cf. Skt. kapati "two handfuls;" Gk. kaptein "to swallow," O.Ir. cacht "servant-girl," literally "captive;" Goth. haban "have, hold;" O.E. habban "to have, hold," probably Mod.Pers. qâp-, qâpidan "to seize;" Av. haf-, hap- "to keep, observe."

Hagidan, from dialectal Pers.: Šahmirzâdi hâgetan, Saraxsi hagiton, Tabari hâytan, haytan, Semnâni hâtan, Gilaki hâgitan, Lâsgardi agiton, degiton "to occupy;" maybe related to Av. haz- "to occupy;" Skt. sah- "to overcome, be victorious, prevail," saha- "victory," sahate "overcomes, masters;" Gk. ekhein "to have, hold;" PIE base *segh- "to have, to hold."

occur
  رخدادن   
roxdâdan (#)

Fr.: avoir lieu   

1) To happen; take place; come to pass.
2) To be found or be present; exist.

M.Fr. occurrer "to happen unexpectedly" or directly from L. occurrere "run to meet, run against, present itself," from ob "against, toward" + currere "to run," → current.

Roxdâdan, literally "to appear," from rox "appearance; aspect; face," variant ruy "face, surface" + dâdan "to give," → event.

occurrence
  رخداد   
roxdâd (#)

Fr.: événement   

1) The action, fact, or instance of occurring.
2) Something that happens; event; incident (Dictionary.com). 3) Logic: → bound occurrence; → free occurrence.

Verbal noun of → occur.

ocean
  اقیانوس   
oqyânus (#)

Fr.: océan   

The intercommunicating body of salt water occupying the depressions of the Earth's surface, or one of its major primary subdivisions, bounded by the continents, or the equator, and other imaginary lines. A sea is subdivision of an ocean. the vast body of salt water that covers almost three fourths of the earth's surface.

M.E. ocean(e), from O.Fr. occean, from L. oceanus, from Gk. okeanos "the great river or sea surrounding the disk of the Earth, as opposed to the Mediterranean," of unknown origin. Personified as Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia and husband of Tethys.

Oqyânus, from Ar., ultimately from Gk., as above.

ocean planet
  سیاره‌ی ِ اقیانوسی   
sayyâre-ye oqyânusi

Fr.: planète océan   

A hypothetical → exoplanet covered by a water envelope. The presence of such a planet stems from the implicit assumption of → Habitable Zone temperatures and a liquid water surface.

ocean; → planet.

oceanic
  اقیانوسی   
oqyânusi (#)

Fr.: océanique   

Of, living in, or produced by the ocean.

ocean; → -ic.

oceanic crust
  پوسته‌ی ِ اقیانوسی   
puste-ye oqyânusi

Fr.: croûte océanique   

That part of the → Earth's crust underling most of the Earth's surface which is covered by the oceans. It has a remarkably uniform composition (mostly ~ 49% SiO2) and thickness (mostly ~ 7 km). The ocean floor is the most dynamic part of the Earth's surface. As a result, no part of the oceanic crust existing today is more than 200 million years old, which is less than 5% of the age of the Earth itself. New oceanic crust is constantly being generated from the → upper mantle by sea-floor spreading at → mid-ocean ridges, while other parts of the oceanic crust are being recycled back into the mantle at subduction zones.

oceanic; → crust.

oceanic ridge
  روک ِ اقیانوسی   
ruk-e oqyânusi

Fr.: dorsale océanique   

Any section of the narrow, continuous submarine mountain chain through all the world's oceans. The oceanic ridge constitutes the most extensive mountain ridge on Earth, more than 65,000 km. Perhaps the best-known part of the ridge system is the → Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

oceanic; → ridge.

oceanography
  اقیانوس‌شناسی   
oqyânus-šenâsi (#)

Fr.: océanographie   

The study of the ocean, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining to the ocean's physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of sea water, and marine biology.

ocean + → -graphy.

Oqyânusocean + -šenâsi-logy.

ochre
  اخرا   
oxrâ (#)

Fr.: ocre   

Any of various natural clays rich in ferric oxides (Fe2O3) and containing silica and alumina. Used as a red (→ hematite) or yellow (→ limonite) pigment.

M.E. oker, O.Fr. ocre, from L. ochra, from Gk. okhra, from okhros "pale yellow."

Oxrâ, loan from Gk.

Ockham's razor
  اُستره‌ی ِ آکم   
ostare-ye Ockham (#)

Fr.: rasoir d'Ockham   

The notion that any hypothesis should be stripped of all unnecessary assumptions. If two hypotheses fit the observations equally well, the one that makes the fewest assumptions should be chosen.

The doctrine was formulated by William of Ockham (c.1288-c.1347), an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher. Razor from O.Fr. rasour "a razor," from raser "to scrape, shave."

Ostaré "razor," from sotordan "to shave, erase, remove;" Mid.Pers. ôstarak "removed, shaved," ôstârišn "wiping, shaving;" cf. Khotanese ustar- "to remove," Sogdian (prefixed *pari-) prtr- "to wipe off, dry up," from Proto-Iranian *us-tar- "to remove, wipe off."

octa-, oct-
  هشت-، اکتا-، اکت-   
hašt-, octa-, oct-

Fr.: octa-, octo-, oct-   

A prefix meaning eight.

From L. octo, Gk. okto, cognate with Pers. hašt, as below. Skt. asta, Goth. ahtau, O.E. eahta (see eight).

Hašt "eight," from Mid.Pers. hašt, O.Pers.*aštahva- "eighth;" Av. ašta; cf. Skt. astā; Ossetic ast; (Buddhist) Sogdian 'št; Gk. okto, L. octo (Fr. huit; Sp. ocho); P.Gmc. *akhto(u) (O.E. eahta, æhta, E. eight, O.N. atta, Ger. acht, Goth. ahtau); PIE base *oktô(u).
Octa-, oct, loaned Gk. forms, as above.

octad
  اکتاد   
oktâd

Fr.: octade   

A group of eight units or figures.
Chemistry: An element, atom, or group having a valence of eight.

From Gk. oktad- (stem oktás) "group of eight," from okt-oct- + -ad a prefix denoting a group or unit comprising a certain number, sometimes of years (e.g. dyad; triad).

octagon
  هشت‌بر، هشت‌گوش   
haštbar, haštguš (#)

Fr.: octogone   

A polygon having eight angles and eight sides.

From L. octagonos, from Gk. oktagononos "eight-angled," from okta-, → octa-, oct- "eight," + gonia "angle," related to gony "knee," L. genu "knee," cuneus "a wedge;" Av. žnu- "knee;" Mod.Pers. zânu "knee," Skt. janu- "knee," kona- "angle, corner;" PIE base *g(e)neu-, see below.

Haštbar "eight-sided," from hašt "eight," → octa-, oct- + bar "side; breadth; breast" (Mid.Pers. var "breast;" Av. vouru "wide, broad, extended" (vourucašāni- "looking far"), related to varah- "breast;" cf. Skt. urú- "wide, broad," úras- "breast;" Gk. eurus "wide, broad;" PIE base uer-, ueru-s"wide, broad"); haštguš, from hašt, → octa-, oct-, + guš "corner, angle," Mid.Pers. gošak "corner."

octahedron
  هشتدیمه   
haštdimé

Fr.: octaèdre   

A geometric solid with eight sides.

octa-, oct-; → -hedron.

Octans
  هشتکان   
Haštakân (#)

Fr.: Octant   

The Octant. A faint and obscure constellation, at 21h right ascension, 80° south declination, containing the south celestial pole. Its star Sigma Octantis is the closest naked-eye star to the pole, but it is so faint (magnitude 5.47) that it is practically useless as a polar star for navigation purposes. Abbreviation: Oct; Genitive: Octantis. It was introduced by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762).

From L.L. octans "eighth part of a circle," from → octa-, oct- + -ans, as in quadrans; → quadrant.

Haštakân, → octant.

octant
  هشتکان   
haštakân (#)

Fr.: octant   

1) A portion of a circle cut off by an arc and two radii at 45°, one-eighth of the area of a circle.
2) A instrument incorporating a telescope, the predecessor of the → sextant, used to measure angular distances, mainly in nautical astronomy. It spanned an angular range of 45°.

From L.L. octans "eighth part of a circle," from → octa-, oct- + -ans, as in quadrans; → quadrant.

Haštakân, from haštak "one-eigth," from hašt "eight" (Mid.Pers. hašt, O.Pers.*aštahva- "eighth;" Av. ašta; cf. Skt. astā; Ossetic ast; (Buddhist) Sogdian 'št; Gk. okto, L. octo (Fr. huit; Sp. ocho); P.Gmc. *akhto(u) (O.E. eahta, æhta, E. eight, O.N. atta, Ger. acht, Goth. ahtau); PIE base *oktô(u) + -ak, contraction of yak "one," (Mid.Pers. êwak (Proto-Iranian *aiua-ka-); O.Pers. aiva- "one, alone;" Av. aēuua- "one, alone" (cf. Skt. éka- "one, alone, single;" Gk. oios "alone, lonely;" L. unus "one;" E. one) + -ân nuance suffix.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>