An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 45 Search : motion
accelerated motion
  جنبش ِ شتابدار   
jonbeš-e šetâbdâr (#)

Fr.: mouvement accéléré   

The motion of an object subject to → acceleration. Opposite to → uniform motion.

Accelerated, from → accelerate; → motion.

Jonbeš, → motion; šetâbdâr "accelerated," from šetâbaccelerate + dâr "having, possessor" (from dâštan "to have, to possess," Mid.Pers. dâštan, O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maitain, keep in mind;" cf. Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support").

annual apparent motion
  جنبش ِ سالانه‌ی ِ پدیدار   
jonbeš-e sâlâne-ye padidâr

Fr.: mouvement annuel apparent   

annual motion.

annual; → apparent; → motion.

annual motion
  جنبش ِ سالانه   
jonbeš-e sâlâné

Fr.: mouvement annuel   

The annual apparent motion of the → Sun in the sky with respect to → fixed stars along the path called → ecliptic. The apparent annual motion is due to the → Earth's → revolution about the Sun. In the course of this motion, the Sun appears to shifts about 1° eastward per day.

annual; → motion.

apsidal motion
  جنبش ِ هباکی   
jonbeš-e habâki

Fr.: mouvement apsidial   

Rotation of the → line of apsides in the plane of the orbit in the same direction as the → revolution of the → secondary body. The major axis of the Earth's orbit rotates by 11.6 arcseconds per year.

apsidal; → motion.

Brownian motion
  جنبش ِ براؤنی   
jonbeš-e Brawni

Fr.: mouvement brownien   

The continuous random motion of solid microscopic particles immersed in a fluid, which is due to bombardment by the atoms and molecules of the medium. It is named after the botanist Robert Brown, who in 1827 first noticed that pollen seeds suspended in water moved in an irregular motion. While there were suspicions that the motion was caused by the collision of atoms against the particles, the first quantitative explanation of the phenomenon, based on the kinetic theory of gases, was forwarded by A. Einstein in 1905. When Einstein's paper appeared, the notion of atoms and molecules was still a subject of heated scientific debate. Ernst Mach and the physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald were among those who chose to deny their existence.

Named after Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish botanist, who first in 1827 noticed the erratic motion of pollen grains suspended in water. → motion.

circular motion
  جنبش ِ دایره‌ای، ~ پرهونی   
jonbeš-e dâyere-yi, ~ parhuni

Fr.: mouvement circulaire   

Motion in which an object moves in a circle at a constant speed. The velocity, however, changes not because the magnitude of the velocity changes, but because its direction changes. The changing velocity creates an acceleration, called → centripetal acceleration. This acceleration results from the → centripetal force.

circular; → motion.

co-orbital motion
  جنبش ِ هم‌مداری   
jonbeš-e ham-madâri

Fr.: mouvement co-orbital   

The motion of two or more bodies around the Sun on different orbits when it takes them the same amount of time to complete one revolution. There are three possible types of co-orbital motions of a small body associated with a planet: → tadpole orbits, → horseshoe orbits, and → quasi-satellite orbits.

co-orbital; → motion.

constant of the motion
  پایای ِ جنبش   
pâyâ-ye jonbeš

Fr.: constante de mouvement   

1) Classical mechanics: A variable X whose total rate of change dX/dt along the path of a → dynamical system is zero. In other words, a function of an object's position, velocity, or both that does not change even as the object moves. For example, the total energy of a → simple harmonic oscillator is a constant of the motion.
2) Quantum mechanics: An → observable that remains constant in time. As an example, the energy is a constant of the motion of all systems whose → Hamiltonian does not depend explicitly upon time.

constant; → motion.

differential image motion monitor (DIMM)
  پهره‌گر ِ جنبش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ وینه، ~ ~ ~ تصویر   
pahregar-e jonbeš-e degarsâneyi-ye vine, ~ ~ ~ tasvir

Fr.: moniteur de mouvements d'images différentiels, moniteur seeing   

A device that is commonly used to measure the → seeing at optical astronomical sites. The DIMM delivers an estimate of the → Fried parameter based on measuring the variance of the differential image motion in two small apertures, usually cut out in a single larger telescope pupil by a mask. The DIMM concept was introduced by Stock & Keller (1960, in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 1, ed. G. P. Kuiper & B. M. Middlehurst, p. 138), whereas its modern implementation was first described by Sarazin & Roddier (1990, A&A 227, 294).

differential; → image; → motion; → monitor.

direct motion
  جنبش ِ فرارو، ~ سرراست   
jonb eš-e farârow, ~ sarrâst

Fr.: mouvement direct   

The motion of a solar system body from West to East across the sky against the background stars. It is the "normal" direction of motion within the solar system. For rotating or orbiting solar system objects it is anti-clockwise as seen from above the solar system in the direction of the North Pole. The same as → prograde motion. See also → retrograde motion.

direct; → motion.

diurnal motion
  جنبش ِ روزانه   
jonbeš-e ruzâné

Fr.: mouvement diurne   

The daily apparent motion of all celestial objects, due to Earth's rotation.

diurnal; → motion.

equation of motion
  هموگش ِ جنبش   
hamugeš-e jonbeš

Fr.: équation de mouvement   

1) Any equation that describes the motion of objects, i.e., variation of velocity, distance covered, acceleration, etc., as a function of time; e.g., V = V0 + at, S = Vt + (1/2)at2.
2) For a fluid, a relation, in its most fundamental form, equating the rate of change of momentum of a selected portion of fluid and the sum of all forces acting on that portion of fluid.
3) In quantum mechanics, an equation that governs the time variation of the → state of the system. → Schrodinger equation. However, in the Heisenberg formulation of quantum mechanics the equation of motion does not involve the states, which in this case is time independent, but rather the → observables of the system.

equation; → motion.

harmonic motion
  جنبش ِ هماهنگ   
jonbeš-e hamâhang (#)

Fr.: mouvement harmonique   

A motion that repeats itself in equal intervals of time (also called periodic motion).

harmonic; → motion.

inertial motion
  جنبش ِ لختی‌ناک، ~ لختی‌مند   
jonbeš-e laxtinâk, ~ laxtimand

Fr.: mouvement inertiel   

Motion free of any force, with constant velocity.

inertial; → motion.

mean daily motion
  جنبش ِ روزانه‌ی ِ میانگین   
jenbeš-e ruzâne-ye miyângin (#)

Fr.: mouvement diurne moyen   

The average movement of a body along its orbit in one day, usually expressed in degrees.

mean; → diurnal; → motion.

mean motion
  جنبش ِ میانگین   
jonbeš-e miyângin (#)

Fr.: mouvement moyen   

The average angular velocity of a satellite in an elliptical orbit.

mean; → motion.

motion
  جنبش   
jonbeš (#)

Fr.: mouvement   

The action or process of moving or of changing place or position; movement.

Verbal noun of → move.

Newton's first law of motion
  نخستین قانون ِ نیوتنی ِ جنبش   
naxostin qânun-e Newtoni-ye jonbeš (#)

Fr.: première loi newtonienne de mouvement   

A body continues in its state of constant velocity (which may be zero) unless it is acted upon by an external force.

Newton; → first; → law; → motion.

Newton's laws of motion
  قانونهای ِ جنبش ِ نیوتون   
qânunhâ-ye jonbeš-e Newton

Fr.: lois de mouvement de Newton   

The three fundamental laws which are the basis of → Newtonian mechanics. They were stated in Newton's Principia (1687). → Newton's first law, → Newton's second law , → Newton's third law.

Newton; → law; → motion.

Newton's second law of motion
  دومین قانون ِ نیوتنی ِ جنبش   
dovomin qânun-e Newtoni-ye jonbeš (#)

Fr.: seconde loi newtonienne de mouvement   

For an unbalanced force acting on a body, the acceleration produced is proportional to the force impressed; the constant of proportionality is the inertial mass of the body.

Newton; → second; → law; → motion.

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