An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Same as → Einstein model.

→ Einstein; → theory; → specific heat.

1) Clearly defined or identified; precise; particular.
2) Belonging or relating uniquely to a particular subject; not general.
3) Biology: Relating to species or a species.
4) Physics: Of or denoting a physical quantity expressed in terms of a unit mass, volume, or other measure, in order to give a value independent of the properties or scale of the particular system studied. → specific angular momentum; → specific charge; → specific density; → specific gravity; → specific heat; → specific humidity; → specific intensity; → specific volume.

From Fr. spécifique and directly from L.L. specificus "constituting a kind or sort," from L. species "kind, sort," → species.

Âbizé, from Mid.Pers. apēcak "pure, sacred" (older form of vižé, → special), from *apa-vēcak "set apart," from prefix apa- + vēcak, from vēxtan (Mod.Pers. bixtan) "to detach, separate, sift, remove," Av. vaēk- "to select, sort out, sift," pr. vaēca-, Skt. vic-, vinakti "to sift, winnow, separate; to inquire."

→ Angular momentum per unit mass.

→ specific; → angular; → momentum.

The electric charge to mass ratio of an elementary particle.

→ specific; → charge.

Same as → relative density.

→ specific; → density.

The ratio of the density of a substance at the temperature under consideration to the density of water at the temperature of its maximum density (4 °C).

→ specific; → gravity.

1) The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gm of a substance through 1 °C. More generally, the → heat capacity of a unit mass of a substance. For a homogeneous body it is expressed as: C = dQ/M dT, where dQ is the quantity of heat transferred to a mass of M to raise the temperature by dT. It is often convenient to use the gram-mole as a unit of mass, → molar heat capacity.
2) For a gas there are two principal specific heats depending on the way in which the temperature is increased: i) that measured at constant pressure, C_P, and ii) that measured at constant volume, C_V. The specific heat C_P is greater than C_V, because a gas heated at constant pressure expands, and heat energy must be supplied equivalent to the work done in the expansion. The ratio γ = C_P/C_V is called the → adiabatic index. It varies from 1.66 for mono-atomic gases to a little over 1 for gases with complex molecules.

→ specific; → heat.

The dimensionless ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass in a particular volume. → humidity

→ specific; → humidity.

A measure of the amount of radiation received per unit solid angle per unit time per unit area normally from an element of surface.

→ specific; → intensity.

Star formation rate per unit → mass. More specifically, the → star formation rate in a galaxy divided by the → stellar mass of the galaxy. Observations of galaxies over a wide range of → redshifts suggest that the slope of the SFR-M_* relation is about unity, which implies that their sSFR does not depend strongly on stellar mass. Specific star formation rates increase out to z ~ 2 and are constant, or perhaps slowly increasing, from z = 2 out to z = 6, though with a large scatter, sSFR ~ 2-10 Gyr^-1 (Lehnert et al., 2015, A&A 577, A112, and references therein).

→ specific; → star; → formation; → rate.

The volume occupied by unit mass of a substance. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density.

→ specific; → volume.

1) The act of specifying.
2) A particular item, aspect, calculation, etc., in such a description.
3) Something specified, as in a bill of particulars; a specified particular, item, or article (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → specify.