An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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bipolar outflow
  ا ُستچان ِ دوقطبی   
ostacân-e doqotbi

Fr.: flot bipolaire   

A flow of gaseous material in two opposite directions emanating from protostellar regions or from → evolved stars during the early post-→ AGB evolution. In protostellar regions → molecular outflows are pushed by → bipolar jets.

bipolar; → outflow.

Ostacân, → outflow; doqotbibipolar.

blackout
  خاموشزار   
xâmušzâr

Fr.: panne d'électricité, black-out   

1) A period of darkness caused by a complete loss of electrical power in a particular area.
2) The extinguishing of all artificial light enforced as a precaution against air raids.

black; → out.

Xâmušzâr, târikzâr from xâmuš "extinguished," → extinction, târik, → dark, + -zâr suffix denoting profusion and abundance, sometimes with negative nuance, such as in šurezâr "unfertile, salty ground; nitrous earth," xoškzâr "arid land far from water," lajanzâr "field of black mud, marsh," kârzâr "a field of battle; conflict; engagement."

circumstellar outflow
  استچان ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
ostacân-e pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: flot circumstellaire   

A stream of matter into the interstellar medium from a central star.

circumstellar; → outflow.

European Southern Observatory (ESO)
  نپاهشگاه ِ اروپایی ِ دشتری   
nepâhešgâh-e orupâyi-ye daštari

Fr.: Organisation européenne pour la recherche astronomique dans l'hémisphère austral   

An major intergovernmental research organisation in astronomy supported by 14 European countries. ESO was founded in 1962 as a consortium among Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The ESO Headquarters are located in Garching near Munich, Germany. The organization operates three outstanding observing sites in the Atacama Desert region of Chile: → La Silla, → Paranal, and Chajnantor. The → Very Large Telescope (VLT), the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical facility, is located on the 2600 m high mountain of Paranal, which also hosts the → VLT Interferometer (VLTI). The Chajnantor site, 5000 m above sea level, near San Pedro de Atacama, operates a submillimeter telescope (APEX). Moreover, a giant array of 12 m submillimeter antennas, called → ALMA, is being constructed in collaboration with North America, East Asia and Chile. ESO is currently planning a 42 m European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the → E-ELT.

European; → southern; → observatory.

galactic outflow
  استچان ِ کهکشانی   
ostacân-e kahkešâni

Fr.: flot galactique   

galactic-scale outflow.

galactic; → outflow.

galactic-scale outflow
  استچان با مرپل ِ کهکشانی   
ostacân bâ marpel-e kahkešâni

Fr.: flot à l'échelle galactique   

The enormous amounts of → mass and → energy released from active galaxies into the → intergalactic medium. → Supermassive black holes, believed to exist at the centres of active galaxies (→ active galaxy), → accrete matter and liberate huge quantities of energy. The energy output is often observed as → active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows in a wide variety of forms, e.g. → collimated  → relativistic jets and/or huge overpressured cocoons in → radio, → blueshifted broad → absorption lines in the → ultraviolet and → optical, → warm absorbers and ultrafast outflows in → X-rays, and → molecular gas in → far infrared. Moreover, the processes of → star formation and → supernova explosions release mass/energy into the surroundings. This → stellar feedback heats up, ionizes and drives gas outward, often generating large-scale outflows/→ winds. Galactic outflows are observed at low redshifts reaching a velocity as large as 1000 km s-1 and at high-z up to z ~ 5, sometimes extending over distances of 60-130 kpc. Galactic-scale outflows may be a primary driver of galaxy evolution through the removal of cool gas from star-forming regions to a galaxy's → halo or beyond.

galactic; → scale; → outflow.

geographic south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر ِ زمین‌نگاریک   
qotb-e daštar-e zaminnegârik

Fr.: pôle sud géographique   

south pole.

geographic; → south; → pole.

log out
  والوگیدن   
vâlogidan

Fr.: se déconnecter   

Computers: To terminate a session.

log; → out.

logout
  والوگ   
vâlog

Fr.: fin de session, déconnexion   

The process by which a computer user logs out.

log; → out.

magnetic south pole
  قطب ِ دشتر ِ مغناتیسی   
qotab-e daštar-e meqnâtisi

Fr.: pôle sud magnétique   

The → counterpart of the → magnetic north pole. It lies near the → geographic north pole.

magnetic; → south; → pole.

mass outflow
  استچان ِ جرم   
ostacân-e jerm

Fr.: écoulement de masse   

The flowing out of mass through various processes from an object, for example in a star forming region or in a close binary.

mass; → outflow.

molecular outflow
  اُستچان ِ مولکولی   
ostacân-e molekuli

Fr.: flot moléculaire   

An outflow of molecular material, often → bipolar, observed in the regions of → star formation. Molecular outflows are thought to be driven by → bipolar jets from → protostars. They are probably → bow shocks which have had time to cool and be observable in molecular lines. Molecular outflows are poorly → collimated compared to the jets and tend to be slow moving (velocities 10-20 km s-1). Some bipolar outflows may be driven by → stellar winds.

molecular; → outflow.

mouth
  دهان   
dahân (#)

Fr.: bouche   

1) The body opening through which an animal takes in food.
2) This cavity regarded as the source of sounds and speech (TheFreeDictionary.com).

M.E., from O.E. muth "mouth, opening, door, gate;" cf. O.Sax., O.Norse munnr, Dan. mund, Du. mond, Ger. Mund.

Dahân "mouth," variant zafar "mouth;" Mid.Pers. dahân "mouth;" from *dafân the south-west form of Av. zafan, zafar "mouth;" cf. Skt. jambha- "set of teeth, mouth, jaws;" Ger. Kiefer "jaw."

out
  برون، اُس-   
borun, os-

Fr.: hors   

Away from, or not in, the normal or usual place, position, state, etc.

O.E. ut; (cf. O.N., O.Fris., Goth. ut, Du. uit, Ger. aus; PIE base *ud- "up, up away" (cf. Pers. os-, as below; Gk. hysteros "the latter;" L. usque "all the way to, without interruption;" O.Ir. ud- "out;" Rus. vy- "out").

Borun, variant birun "out, the outside," from Mid.Pers. bêron, from "outside, out, away," variant bêg, as in bêgânag (cf. Sogh. bêk "out, outside, apart, except," bêk-dênê "heretic," literally "out of religion") + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").
Os-, from Mid.Pers. us-, uz-; Av. uz-, us- "out of, outside, from;" O.Pers. ud- (ud-apatatā "to rise up, rebel"), also Pers. preposition az "from; of; out of," prefixes zo- (in zodudan "to polish, clean;" Mid.Pers. uzdâtan; Av. uzdā-, from uz- + dā- "to make, create"), âz- (âzmâyeš, → experiment), haz- (haziné "cost, expenditure;" Mid.Pers. uzên, uzênak, from *uz-ayana- "going out;" Av. us- + ay- "to go" (→ assembly); PIE *ud- "up, out," cf. Skt. úd "up, away, out;" E. out, as above.

out of phase
  نافاز، ناهم‌فاز   
nâfâz, nâ-ham-fâz

Fr.: déphasé   

The condition of two oscillators that have the same frequency but different phases. Opposed to → in phase.

out; → phase.

out-group
  ناخودی   
nâxodi (#)

Fr.:   

A group to which the speaker, the person spoken of, etc. does not belong.

out; → group.

Nâxodi, opposite of xodi "in-group," from nâ- "not," → un-, + xodi, → in-group.

outburst
  ا ُسبلک   
osbelk

Fr.: sursaut   

1) A fairly brief period of unusually strong gas and/or dust production from a comet nucleus.
2) A brief period of enhancement of emission from a star, a quasar, etc.

out; → burst.

outburst decay
  تباهی ِ اسبلک   
tabâhi-ye osbelk

Fr.:   

A phase in the → light curve evolution of eruptive objects such as → dwarf novae, → Soft X-ray Transients, and transient → magnetars which follows the characterized sudden increase in their flux (over a factor ~ 1000 over the quiescent level). Outburst decay is slow and lasts months or years.

outburst; → decay.

outcome
  برونشد   
borunšod (#)

Fr.: issue, résultat   

A final product or end result; consequence; issue (Dictionary.com).

out; → come.

Borunšod "outcome," from borun, → out, + šod, šodan "to go, to pass, to change," → become.

outcrop
  برونزد   
borunzad (#)

Fr.: affleurement   

Emergence of a particular rock-body, e.g. a stratium or vein, at the ground surface. Outcrops can be formed naturally or by human action. Stream erosion and highway construction can produce outcrops.

Noun use of crop out, from crop, from M.E., O.E. cropp "bird's craw," also "head or top of a sprout or herb;" → out.

Borunzad, literally "strike out," from borun, birun, → out, + zad, zadan "to strike, beat," from Mid.Pers. zatan, žatan; O.Pers./Av. jan-, gan- "to strike, hit, smite, kill" (jantar- "smiter"); cf. Skt. han- "to strike, beat" (hantar- "smiter, killer"); Gk. theinein "to strike;" L. fendere "to strike, push;" Gmc. *gundjo "war, battle;" PIE *gwhen- "to strike, kill."


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