An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 116 Search : age
Cosmic Dark Age
  عصر ِ تاریک ِ کیهانی   
asr-e târik-e keyhâni

Fr.: âge sombre cosmique   

The period of time in the early history of the Universe, between the → recombination era and the advent of the → first stars.

cosmic; → dark; → age.

courage
  پردلی، دلیری، درش   
pordeli (#), deliri (#), darš

Fr.: courage   

The quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, pain, etc.

M.E. corage, from O.Fr., derivative of cœur "heart," from L. cor, cognate with Pers. del and E. → heart

Pordeli, deliri, from pordel, delir, → courageous.
Darš, → dare.

courageous
  پردل، دلیر، درشمند   
pordel (#), delir (#), daršmand

Fr.: courageux   

Having or characterized by courage.

M.E., from O.Fr. corageus, corajos, from → courage.

Pordel, literally "greathearted," from por, → full, + del, → heart. Delir "brave, courageous," from del "heart," as above.
Daršmand, → daring.

coverage
  پوشش   
pušeš (#)

Fr.: couverture   

1) General: The extent to which something is covered.
2) Astro.: The total area of the sky observed in a particular → sky survey. See also → fractional sky coverage.
3) The area within which a radio signal sent by a transmitter is received reliably .
4) In film making, the shooting of a scene from various views and using various exposures.

From → cover + -age a suffix forming abstract nouns.

cover.

cutoff voltage
  ولتاژ ِ بره   
voltâž-e boré

Fr.: tension de coupure   

The electrode voltage which reduces the value of a dependent variable, e.g. anode current, to a specified low value.

cutoff; → voltage.

deep image
  وینه‌ی ِ ژرف، تصویر ِ ~   
vine-ye žarf, tasvir-e ~

Fr.: image profonde   

An image obtained using a deep exposure to reveal the weak features of the object.

deep; → image.

differential image motion monitor (DIMM)
  پهره‌گر ِ جنبش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ وینه، ~ ~ ~ تصویر   
pahregar-e jonbeš-e degarsâneyi-ye vine, ~ ~ ~ tasvir

Fr.: moniteur de mouvements d'images différentiels, moniteur seeing   

A device that is commonly used to measure the → seeing at optical astronomical sites. The DIMM delivers an estimate of the → Fried parameter based on measuring the variance of the differential image motion in two small apertures, usually cut out in a single larger telescope pupil by a mask. The DIMM concept was introduced by Stock & Keller (1960, in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 1, ed. G. P. Kuiper & B. M. Middlehurst, p. 138), whereas its modern implementation was first described by Sarazin & Roddier (1990, A&A 227, 294).

differential; → image; → motion; → monitor.

dosage
  دزش   
dozeš

Fr.: dosage   

1) The giving of a dose.
2) Regulation or determination of doses.
3) The addition of an ingredient or the application of an agent in a measured dose (Merriam-Webster.com).

From Fr. dosage, → dose.

dynamical age
  سن ِ توانیک   
senn-e tavânik

Fr.: âge dynamique   

Age based on dynamical properties of a system. For example, the time derived for a system to evolve from an initial state to its present state, based on velocity and dimension (size) measurements.

dynamical; → age.

European Space Agency (ESA)
  سازمان ِ فضایی ِ اروپا   
Sâzmân-e Fazâyi-ye Orupâ

Fr.: Agence spatiale européenne   

An intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space research and technology as well as peaceful exploration of space, founded in 1975. It is headquartered in Paris and currently comprises 18 member states and one associated state (Canada). ESA has developed the Ariane series of space launch vehicles, and supports a launch facility in French Guiana. Moreover, ESA has four major research centers: The European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), located in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, is the primary research center and manages the satellite projects. The European Space Operations Center (ESOC), situated in Darmstadt, Germany, is responsible for satellite control, monitoring, and data retrieval. The European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), located in Frascati, Italy, supports the ESA documentation service and manages the data obtained from remote sensing satellites. The European Astronaut Center (EAC), located in Cologne, Germany, is responsible for the selection and training of astronauts for space station missions. The European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), located in Villafranca del Castillo, Madrid, Spain, which holds scientific operations centres as well as archives. Some of the past ESA missions are the following ones. The Giotto space probe, which enabled examination of the core of → Halley's Comet in 1986. ESA also developed the Ulysses spacecraft (launched 1990) to explore the Sun's polar regions. Similarly, ESA established a system of meteorological satellites known as Meteosat. In 2003 ESA launched the Mars Express orbiter and its lander, Beagle 2. In 2009 ESA launched → Planck Satellite, that is designed to study the → cosmic microwave background, and the → Herschel Satellite, an infrared observatory that is the largest telescope in space.

European; → space; agency, from M.L. agentia, from L. ag-, root of agere, → act + -entia noun suffix.

Sâzmân, → organization; fazâyi adj. of fazâ, → space; Orupâ, → Europa.

evolutionary stage
  گامه‌ی ِ فرگشت   
gâmeye fargašt

Fr.: étape d'évolution   

A particular step or phase in the evolution of an astronomical object.

evolutionary; → stage.

Faraday cage
  قفس ِ فارادی   
qafas-e Faraday

Fr.: cage de Faraday   

An enclosure made of conducting material, such as wire mesh or metal plates, that shields what it contains from external electric fields. According to → Gauss's theorem, the electric field inside a hollow conductor is nil. In order to demonstrate this, Faraday, in 1836, made a large box covered with wire mesh, and went inside it himself with an → electroscope. Powerful charges were applied to the outside of the box, but he detected no effect inside the cage.

farad; → cage.

formal language
  زبان ِ دیسه‌ور   
zabân-e disevar

Fr.: langage formel   

A language designed for use in situations in which natural language is unsuitable, as for example in → mathematics, → logic, or → computer  → programming. The symbols and formulas of such languages stand in precisely specified syntactic and semantic relations to one another (Dictionary.com).

formal; → language.

fractional sky coverage
  پوشش ِ برخه‌ای ِ آسمان   
pušeš-e barxe-yi-ye âsmân

Fr.: couverture partielle du ciel   

The portion of the 4π → steradians of the sky that a radiotelescope can observe from a given location on Earth over a 24-hour time interval.

fractional; → sky; → coverage.

fuzzy image
  وینه‌ی ِ پرزوار، تصویر ِ ~   
vine-ye porzvâr, ~ tasvir-e

Fr.: image floue, ~ estompée   

Same as → blurred image.

fuzzy; → image.

Hagen number (Hg)
  عدد ِ هاگن   
adad-e Hagen

Fr.: nombre de Hagen   

A dimensionless number characterizing the importance of → viscous force in a → forced flow.

named after the German hydraulic engineer Gotthilf H. L. Hagen (1797-1884); → number.

heritage
  ریگن   
rigan

Fr.: héritage   

1) Something inherited at birth, such as personal characteristics, status, and possessions.
2) Anything that has been transmitted from the past or handed down by tradition (Dictionary.com).

M.E. from M.Fr., from O.Fr. iritage, eritage, heritage "heir; inheritance, ancestral estate, heirloom," from heriter "inherit," from L.L. hereditare, ultimately from L. heres (genitive heredis) "heir, heiress," from PIE root *ghe- "to be empty, left behind" (related Gk. word khera "widow").

Rigan from rig "left, abandoned" (in mordé rig "heritage, effects of a dead person, anything hereditary, heirloom") + noun suffix -an (as in rowzan, rowšan, suzan, rasan, zaqan, hâvan, etc.); ultimately from Proto-Ir. *raic- "to leave, abandon;" cf. Av. raēc- "to leave, let;" Mid.Pers. (+ *pati-) phryz-, Mod.Pers. parhêz, parhiz "to keep away from, abstain, avoid;" Khotanese (+ *fra-) hars- "to be left, remain;" Mod.Pers. rištan "to set at liberty, absolve;" Mid.Pers. (+ *ui-) wirēz-, Mod.Pers. gurēz, goriz, gurēxtan, gorixtan "to flee, run away;" Gk. leipein "to leave;" L. linquere "to leave;" PIE *leikw- "to leave, let" (Cheung 2006).

homage
  بزرگداشت   
bozorgdâšt (#)

Fr.: hommage   

1) Respect or reverence paid or rendered.
2) Something done or given in acknowledgment or consideration of the worth of another (Dictionary.com).

M.E. (h)omage, from O.Fr. homage "allegiance or respect for one's feudal lord," from homme "man," → human, + -age.

Bozordgâšt, literally "considered to be great," from bozorg "large, magnificent, great," → magnify, + dâšt, dâštan "to maintain, consider, possess, keep in mind, hold, have," → property.

Hubble-Sandage classification
  رده‌بندی ِ هابل-سندیج   
radebandi-ye Hubble-Sandage

Fr.: classification de Hubble-Sandage   

Same as the → Hubble classification.

Hubble; → Hubble-Sandage variable; → sequence.

Hubble-Sandage variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ هابل-سندیج   
vartande-ye Hubble-Sandage

Fr.: variable de Hubble-Sandage   

A type of highly luminous → blue supergiant star with variable light, first discovered in the M31 and M33 galaxies; also called → S Doradus stars. They are now believed to be part of the class of → Luminous Blue Variable stars.

Hubble; Allan Rex Sandage (1926-2010), American cosmologist.

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