An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) Any machine that converts energy, especially heat energy, into mechanical power or motion.
2) The part of a processor or software program that determines how the program manages and manipulates data. The term is most often used in relation to a specific task.

M.E. engin, from O.Fr. engin "skill, cleverness; war machine," from L. ingenium "inborn qualities, talent," from → in- "in" + gen-, root of gignere "to beget, produce;" cognate with Pers. zâdan "to bring forth, give birth;" → generate.

Motor, loanword from Fr. moteur, from L. motor "mover," from movere "to move."

A person who designs, constructs, or works with engines or machines.

M.E. engin(e)our, from O.Fr. engigneor, from L.L. ingeniare, → engine.

Mohandes, from Ar. muhandis "measurer," from Pers. andâzé, → measure.

The action, work, or profession of an engineer.

→ engineer + → -ing.

A method of mounting a telescope in which the polar axis is supported at each end by two piers. The great defect of this type of mounting is its inability to observe the pole.

→ mounting.

To raise to a higher degree; intensify; magnify (Dictionary.com).

M.E. enhauncen, from Anglo-Fr. enhauncer, from O.Fr. enhaucier "make higher, make greater; raise in esteem," from V.L. *inaltiare, from L.L. inaltare "raise, exalt," from altare "make high," from altus "high."

Bolandidan, from boland "high," related to bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," borz, "height, magnitude," → magnitude.

An increase or improvement in value, extent, or quality.

Verbal noun of → enhance.

A puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation. See also: → problem, → puzzle.

From L. aenigma "riddle," from Gk. ainigma "a dark saying, riddle," from ainissesthai "speak obscurely, speak in riddles," from ainos "tale, story; saying, proverb;" of unknown origin.

Câceh, from Baluci (Zâhedân) câcâk "riddle, puzzle;" cf. (Kermânšâhi) câvca "riddle, puzzle" (Fin-e Bandar-Abbâs) cencen "riddle;" maybe related to Choresmian c'tyk "riddle," from Proto-Ir. *caš- "to teach, to show;" Av. *caš- "to teach, to show" (Cheung 2007).

Resembling an enigma, or a puzzling occurrence, situation, statement, person, etc.; perplexing; mysterious (Dictionary.com).

→ enigma; → -ic.

Cušenâk, from cušé, → enigma, + -nâk adj. suffix.

An intellectual movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries celebrating human reason and scientific thought as the instruments of progress and subjecting conventional ways of thinking to rigorous critique. The Enlightenment culminated with the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and the Encyclopédistes, the philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and the political ideals of the French and American Revolutions, while the precursor in science and philosophy included Francis Bacon (1561-1626), René Descartes (1596-1650), Isaac Newton (1643-1727), John Locke (1632-1704), and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679).

From enlighten, from en- + → light + -en + → -ment.

Asr, → age; rowšangari, noun from rowšangar "enlightener," from rowšan "light, bright, luminous, splendid," cognate with L. lux, → bright, + -gar a suffix of agent nouns, → -or.

To increase the → concentration or → abundance of a specified → component or → isotope in a material.

From en- a prefix forming verbs with a particular sense + → rich.

Pordâridan, pordâr kardan, infinitives from pordâr, → rich.

Supplied with abundance of something. → enriched gas, → enriched uranium.

Past participle of → enrich.

A gas, usually → interstellar, in which the → abundance of particular chemical or atomic species is higher than the expected values.

→ enriched; → gas.

Uranium in which the → proportion of the → isotope U-235 has been increased (above the 0.7% value in natural uranium).

→ enriched; → uranium.

1) A process that changes the → isotopic ratio in a material. For example, for uranium the ratio of U-235 to U-238 may be increased by gaseous diffusion of uranium hexafluoride.
2) → chemical enrichment.

Verbal noun of → enrich.

A relatively common mineral, magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃) found in metamorphic and some igneous rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites.

From Gk. enstates "resistor", because it resists high temperatures.

A rare kind of → meteorite containing the → enstatite mineral. These meteorites are thought to comprise only about 2% of the chondrites that fall on Earth. Also called → E-type chondrite.

→ enstatite; → chondrite.

To wrap or twist together; to intertwine.

From → en- "in," + tangle, from M.E. tangilen, tagilen "to entangle."

Hamgureš, from ham- "together," → com-, + guridan "to become tangled, as threads or hairs, entwine," probably related to greh "knot," → node.
Hampicidan, from ham- + picidan "to twist, entwine, coil."

The act of entangling. The state of being entangled.

Verbal noun of → entangle; → -ment.

1) To come or go in.
2) To put in or insert. See also → entrance, → entry.

M.E. entren, from O.Fr. entrer, from L. intrare "to enter," from intra "within," → inter-.

Darâmadan, from dar, → in-, + âmadan, "to come," → egress; darâyidan, from dar- "in," + ây preset stem of âmadan, → assembly, + -idan infinitive suffix; darâyândan transitive of darâyidan.

A quantity associated with a thermodynamic system and given by H = U + pV, where H is the enthalpy, U the internal energy, p the pressure, and V the volume.

Gk. enthalp(ein) "to warm in," from en- "in, into, within" + thalpein "to warm" + -y a suffix used in the formation of action nouns from verbs.

Darungarmi, from darun "in, into, within" (Mid.Pers. andarôn "inside," from andar, → inter- + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river") + garm "warm" (Mid.Pers. garm; O.Pers./Av. garema- "hot, warm;" cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" Gk. thermos "warm;" L. formus "warm," fornax "oven;" P.Gmc. *warmaz; O.E. wearm; O.H.G., Ger. warm; from PIE base *ghworm-/*ghwerm-) + -i a suffix used in the formation of action nouns from verbs.