An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

To change from one nature, substance, form, or condition into another.

M.E., from L. transmutare "to shift," from → trans- + mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mith- "to alternate, meet," mithás "opposite, in opposition;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Tarâmutidan, from tarâ-→ trans- + mutidan, from L. mutare, as above.

Of or pertaining to the speed of a body in a surrounding fluid when the relative speed of the fluid is → subsonic in some places and → supersonic in others.

→ trans-; → sonic.

Flow of a fluid over a body with a speed in the range just above and below the → Mach number 1.

→ transonic; → flow.

Allowing → electromagnetic radiation  of → specific → wavelengths to pass through. See also → translucent.

From M.L. transparentem (nominative transparens), pr.p. of transparere "to show through," from L. → trans- "through" + parere "to come in sight, appear."

Tarânemâ, from tarâ-, → trans-, + nemâ present stem of nemudan "to show" (Mid.Pers. nimūdan, nimây- "to show," from O.Pers./Av. ni- "down; into," → ni- (PIE), + māy- "to measure;" cf. Skt. mati "measures," matra- "measure;" Gk. metron "measure;" L. metrum; PIE base *me- "to measure").

An emitter-receiver device that automatically responds upon reception of a designated incoming radar, radio or sonar signal

From trans(mitter), → trans-, + (res)ponder, → responder.

1) The act of carrying or moving from one place to another.
2) To take or carrysomething from one place to another.

M.E. transporten, from O.Fr. transporter "to carry or convey across," from L. transportare, from → trans- "across" + portare "to carry."

Tarâbord, tarâbari, from tarâ-, → trans-, + bord, bari, from bordan "to carry, transport;" Mid.Pers. burdan; O.Pers./Av. bar- "to bear, carry," barəθre "to bear (infinitive);" Skt. bharati "he carries;" Gk. pherein "to carry;" L. ferre "to carry;" PIE base *bher- "to carry."

1) To transfer a mathematical → term from one side of an → equation to the other, with corresponding change of sign.
2) Of a → matrix, to interchange → rows and → columns.
3) The mathematical object obtained by replacing all → elements a_ij with a_ji.

From M.E. transposen, from O.Fr. transposer, from L. transponere "to place over," from → trans- + ponere "to put, place."

Tarânehâdan, tarânehâd, from tarâ-, → trans-, + nehâdan "to place, put; to set;" Mid.Pers. nihâtan; Av. ni- "down; into," → ni- (PIE), + dâ- "to put; to establish; to give," dadâiti "he gives;" cf. Skt. dadâti "he gives;" Gk. didomi "I give;" L. do "I give;" PIE base *do- "to give").

The matrix of → order n x m obtained from a matrix of order m x n by exchanging the order of the → rows and → columns.

Tansposed, p.p. of → transpose; → matrix.

Math.: A permutation of a set of elements that interchanges two elements and leaves the remaining elements in their original positions. For example, the swapping of 2 and 5 to take the list 123456 to 153426 is a transposition.
Optics: The changing of the relative curves of a lens without changing its refractive value.

→ trans-; → position.

An element beyond uranium in the periodic table, with atomic number greater than 92. Such elements do not occur in nature, but may be obtained by suitable nuclear reactions. They are all radioactive and members of the actinide group.

→ trans-; → uranium; → element.

A line that cuts across two or more lines. A transversal cutting two lines generates eight angles, four lying between the two lines, four external to the two lines.

→ transverse + → -al.

Lying or extending crosswise or at right angles to something. → transverse velocity; → transverse wave.

From L. transversus "turned or directed across," p.p. of transvertere "to turn across," from → trans- + vertere "to turn," cognate with Pers. gardidan "to turn, to change;" Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" Skt. vrt- "to turn, roll," vartate "it turns round, rolls;" O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend."

Tarâgozar, from tarâ-→ trans- + gozar "passage, transit, passing," from gozaštan "to pass, cross, transit," variant gozâštan "to put, to place, let, allow;" Mid.Pers. widardan, widâštan "to pass, to let pass (by);" O.Pers. vitar- "to pass across," viyatarayam "I put across;" Av. vi-tar- "to pass across," from vi- "apart, away from" (O.Pers. viy- "apart, away;" Av. vi- "apart, away;" cf. Skt. vi- "apart, asunder, away, out;" L. vitare "to avoid, turn aside") + O.Pers./Av. tar- "to cross over;" → trans-.

Same as the → Coulomb gauge.

→ transverse; → gauge.

In special relativity theory, the mass when the acceleration of a body is perpendicular to its velocity: m_t = m₀ / [1 - (v/c)²]^1/2, where m₀ is the → rest mass, v is the velocity, and c the → velocity of light. The transverse mass is identical to the → relativistic mass. See also → longitudinal mass.

→ transverse; → mass.

Same as → tangential velocity.

→ transverse; → velocity.

A wave in which the vibration or displacement takes place in a plane at right angles to the direction of propagation of the wave; e.g. electromagnetic radiation. → longitudinal wave.

→ transverse; → wave.

The → Zeeman effect when observed at right angles to the orientation of the magnetic field. Un un-displaced line is observed along with a doublet, three lines in all, with the frequencies ν and ν ± Δν. The two displaced components correspond to a plane of → polarization parallel to the external magnetic field and the un-displaced line to a plane of polarization perpendicular to this field. → longitudinal Zeeman effect.

→ transverse; → Zeeman effect.

A four-sided plane figure, no two sides of which are parallel.

L.L. trapezium, from Gk. trapezion "irregular quadrilateral," literally "a little table," diminutive of trapeza "table," from shortening of *tetrapeza, from → tetra- "four" + peza "foot, edge," related to pous, podos, Pers. pâ, → foot.

Zuzanaqé, loan from Ar. dhuzanaqat.

A star cluster located in the center of the → Orion Nebula whose four brightest stars form the vertices of a trapezoid. They are known as θ¹ Ori A, B, C, and D and are of magnitude 6.7, 8.0, 5.1, and 6.7 respectively. They are packed in an area 22 arcseconds across (10,000 A.U.). The Trapezium stars are responsible for the illumination of the entire Orion Nebula. The principal and the most massive star of the group is θ¹Ori C, a young main sequence → O star of type O6. The three others are → B stars. Almost all of the Trapezium stars are multiple: the most massive star θ¹Ori C is double, the next massive star θ¹Ori A is triple, θ¹Ori B is at least quadruple, and θ¹Ori D is apparently single.

→ trapezium; → cluster.

1) The act of traveling, especially to a distant place.
2) To go, move, or journey from one place to another.

M.E. from travailen "to make a journey," originally the same word as Fr. travail "work, labor" (by shift to "make a laborious journey").

Safar, from Ar.