An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

In a → formal language, a letter used to describe a → predicate or → relation. Also called → relation symbol.

→ predicate; → symbol.

To like better or value more highly.

M.E. preferre, from O.Fr. preferer and directly from L. praeferre "to place or set before, carry in front," from prae "before," → pre-, + ferre "to carry, to bear," from PIE root *bher- "to carry;" cf. Pers. bordan "to carry, bear," → refer.

Behzunidan, literally "to value highly, to consider better," from beh "good, fine," → optimum, + zun, variant of dân-, dânestan "to know, consider," cf. Tâti zun/zund "to know," Khunsâri zûn-/zûnâ, Mahallâti zôn-, Semnâni -zûn-, Hamedâni zunayän/zun- , Esfahâni zunän/zun-, Yarandi zônâj-/zôn-, Gazi zûn-/zûnâšt; Av. zān- "to know," → science.

Worthy to be preferred; more desirable.

→ prefer; → -able.

1) Act of → preferring.
2) That which is preferred.

→ prefer; → -ence.

An → affix that is placed before a base to denote a modified meaning or make another word.

→ pre-; → affix.

Carefully chosen uniform exposure of a detector. For CCD this can be used to overcome the deferred charge phenomenon; in photography this helps bring dim images to a comfortably high density.

→ pre- + → flash.

1) Philosophy: To apprehend with or without conscious formulation or cognition of the perceived object; to interact in time and space with an object or event (Oxford Dictionary, lexico.com).
2) (obsolete) To sieze.

From L. prehendere "to seize," from prae- "before," → pre-, + -hendere , from PIE root *ghend- "to seize, take," root of Gk. khandanein "to hold, contain;" Lith. godetis "be eager;" Welsh gannu "to hold, contain;" Russian za-gadka "riddle;" Old Norse geta "to obtain, reach; to be able to;" E. get.

Nutidan, from nut-, from Yaghnobi nôta "to take," from Sogd. niyât "to take, grasp," from Proto-Ir. *ni-yāta-, from *iam- "to take, to hold;" cf. Av. yam- (yās-) "to hold, keep;" O.Pers. yas- "to strech, reach out;" Skt. yam- "to hold, restrain" (Cheung 2007).

1) Zoology Psychology: The action of grasping or seizing.
2) Philosophy: An interaction of a subject with an event or entity which involves perception but not necessarily cognition (Oxford Dictionary, lexico.com).

Verbal noun of → prehend.

Preceding and leading up to the main part, matter, or business; introductory; preparatory (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. préliminaire, from M.L. praeliminaris, from L. prae- "before," → pre-, + limen "threshold."

Pišâstâni, literally "before the threshold," from piš, → pre-, + âstâni, of or pertaining to âstân, → threshold.

Logic: An initial → proposition or statement that is known or assumed to be → true and on which a logical → argument is based.

From M.E. premiss, from O.Fr. premisse, from M.L. premissa (propositio) "(the proposition) set before," feminine p.p. of L. praemittere "send or put before," from prae "before," → pre-, + mittere "to send," → mission.

Pišpâyé, from piš-, → pre-, + pâyé, → base.

In → particle physics, any of postulated "point-like" particles from which are composed → quarks and → leptons. In other words, preon models assume there is a more fundamental kind of particle than those so far known. Different preon models consider different numbers and different natures of the preons.

Coined by Jogesh Pati and Abdus Salam in 1974, from → pre- + → -on.

A short-lived transition object between the → asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and → planetary nebula phases. See also → post-asymptotic giant branch star (post-AGB).

→ pre-; → planetary; → nebula. The more commonly used term, → protoplanetary nebula, is a misnomer and must be avoided. Indeed → protoplanetary is widely used to refer to disks around → pre-main sequence stars. Since the term → protoplanet is used to denote planets undergoing formation, the use of the term "protoplanetary nebula" to mean a completely different kind of object is an unfortunate choice (Sahai et al. 2005, ApJ 620, 948).

A word used with a noun or pronoun to mark its relation with another word.

From L. praepositionem "a putting before," from praepositus, p.p. of praeponere "put before," from prae "before," → pre-, + ponere "put, set, place," → position.

Pišhel, from piš-, "before," → pre-, + hel-, helidan, heštan "to place, put," → leap.

An advance printing, usually of an article in a periodical.

→ pre-; → print.

Relating to a stage or time prior to the rise of modern science and to the application of the → scientific method.

→ pre-; → scientific.

1) To lay down, in writing or otherwise, as a rule or a course of action to be followed; appoint, ordain, or enjoin.
2) Medicine: To designate or order the use of a medicine, remedy, treatment, etc. (Dictionary.com).

→ pre-; + scribe, → inscribe.

1) An act of prescribing.
2) A direction, usually written, by the physician to the pharmacist for the preparation and use of a medicine or remedy. The medicine prescribed (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → prescribe; → -tion.

1) That prescribes; giving directions or injunctions.
2) Depending on or arising from effective legal prescription, as a right or title established by a long unchallenged tenure (Dictionary.com).

→ prescribe; → -ive.

The state or fact of being present.

Noun from → present.

1) Being, existing, or occurring at this time or now.
2) At this time; at hand; immediate.
3) Grammar: Noting an action or state occurring at the moment of speaking.

M.E., from O.Fr. present, from L. præsentem (nominative præsens) "present, immediate," from pr.p. of præesse "to be before, to be at hand," from præ- "before," → pre-, + esse "to be;" cf. Pers. ast "is," hastan, astan "to be;" O.P. ah- "to be," astiy "is;" Av. ah- "to be," astī "is;" Skt. as- "to be," ásti "is;" Gk. esti "is;" PIE base es- "to be."

Pišâst, on the model of L. præesse, as above, from piš, → pre-, + epenthetic -â- + ast "is," variants hast, hi, has (Qâyen), isâ (Rašt), a (Aftar), heye (Kurd.); Av./O.Pers. ah- "to be," Proto-Ir. *Hah- "to be," → existence.
Bâšandé agent noun from budan "to be;" → condition.
Konuni "presently," from konun, aknun "now, present," from *hak-nun, from *hak-, cf. Av. hakat- "at once, immediately" + nū- "now" (Mid/Mod.Pers. nun "now, at present"); Av. nūrəm "now;" O.Pers. nūram "now;" Skt. nú- "now, just, but," nūnám "now, at present, indeed;" Gk. nun "now;" L. nu- "now" (in nu-dis "the day after tomorrow"); Goth. nu "now;" O.E. nu; E. now; PIE base *nu- "now."