An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 25 Search : last
elastic
  کشایند   
kešâyand (#)

Fr.: élastique   

Of, pertaining to, or noting a body having the property of → elasticity. See also → elastic collision, → elastic deformation, → elastic limit, → elastic scattering.

From Fr., from Gk. elastos "ductile, flexible," related to elaunein "to strike, beat out."

Kešâyand, from keš stem of kešidan/kašidan "to pull, drag, draw" (Av. karš- "to draw, to plough," karša- "furrow;" cf. Skt. kars-, kársati "to pull, drag, plough," Gk. pelo, pelomai "to be busy, to bustle") + âyand agent form of âmadan "to come; to become," from Mid.Pers. âmatan (O.Pers. gam- "to come; to go," Av. gam- "to come; to go," jamaiti "goes;" O.Iranian *āgmatani; Skt. gamati "goes;" Gk. bainein "to go, walk, step;" L. venire "to come;" Tocharian A käm- "to come;" O.H.G. queman "to come;" E. come; PIE root *gwem- "to go, come").

elastic collision
  همکوبش ِ کشایند   
hamkubš-e kešâyand

Fr.: collision élastique   

A collision between two particles which conserves the total kinetic energy and momentum of the system.

elastic; → collision.

elastic deformation
  وادیسش ِ کشایند   
vâdiseš-e kešâyand

Fr.: déformation élastique   

A deformation of a → solid body in which the change (→ strain) in the relative position of points in the body disappears when the deforming stress is removed. See also → elastic limit.

elastic; → deformation.

elastic limit
  حد ِ کشایند   
hadd-e kešâyand

Fr.: limite d'élasticité, ~ élastique   

The smallest → stress beyond which a → solid body can no longer return to its original shape. The material ceases to obey → Hooke's law. Also called → yield point.

elastic; → limit.

elastic scattering
  پراکنش ِ کشایند   
parâkaneš-e kešâyand

Fr.: diffusion élastique   

In a → collision between two → particles, the reaction in which the total → kinetic energy of the system, projectile plus target, is the same before the collision as after.
In the interaction of → electromagnetic waves with particles, the scattering when the → wavelength (→ frequency) of the → scattered light is the same as the → incident light (→ Rayleigh scattering, → Mie scattering).

elastic; → scattering.

elastic wave
  موج ِ کشایند   
mowj-e kešâyand (#)

Fr.: onde élatique   

A wave that propagates by → elastic deformation of the medium. The → propagation takes place by a change in shape that disappears when the forces are removed. In other words, the displaced particles transfer momentum to adjoining particles, and are themselves restored to their original position. A → seismic wave is a type of elastic wave.

elastic; → wave.

elasticity
  کشایندی   
kešâyandi (#)

Fr.: élasticité   

The ability of a body which has been → deformed by an applied → force to return to its original shape when the force is removed. Up to a certain point the material obeys → Hooke's law. See also → ductility, → plasticity.

elastic + → -ity.

Fermat's last theorem
  واپسین فربین ِ فرما   
vâpasin farbin-e Fermat

Fr.: dernier théorème de Fermat   

In → number theory, the statement that for all → integers, the equation xn + yn = zn has no solution in → positive integer. After 358 years of effort by mathematicians to prove the theorem, a complete proof was found by Andrew Wiles in 1995.

Fermat's principle; → last; → theorem.

galvanoplasty
  گالوانوپوشی   
gâlvânopuši

Fr.: galvanoplastie   

A process used for covering an object with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.

galvano- + -plasty a suffix meaning "molding, formation, surgical repair, plastic surgery," from Gk. -plastia, from plastos "molded, formed," from plassein "to mold."

Gâlvânopuši, from gâlvâno-, → galvano-, + puši "covering, coating," from pušidan "to cover; to put on" (Mid.Pers. pôšidan, pôš- "to cover; to wear;" cf. Mid.Pers. pôst; Mod.Pers. pust "skin, hide;" O.Pers. pavastā- "thin clay envelope used to protect unbaked clay tablets;" Skt. pavásta- "cover," Proto-Indo-Iranian *pauastā- "cloth").

inelastic collision
  هم‌کوبش ِ ناکشایند   
hamkubeš-e nâkešâyand

Fr.: collision inélastique   

A collision between bodies in which there is a loss of total kinetic energy.

inelastic; → collision.

inelastic scattering
  پراکنش ِ ناکشایند   
parâkaneš-e nâkešâyand

Fr.: diffusion inélastique   

A type of scattering when the → scattered radiation has a → wavelength different from that of the → incident radiation (→ Raman scattering, → fluorescence ).

inelastic; → scattering.

last
  واپسین   
vâpasin (#)

Fr.: dernier   

Occurring or coming after all others, as in time, order, or place. → last contact, → last quarter

Last, from O.E. latost (adj.) and lætest (adv.), superlative of læt (adj.) and late (adv.); cognate with O.Fris. lest, Du. laatst, O.H.G. laggost, Ger. letzt.

Vâpasin, from vâ-, as intensive prefix, → de-, + pasin, from pas "after, afterward, behind; finally, at last" (Mid.Pers. pas "behind, before, after;" O.Pers. pasā "after;" Av. pasca "behind (of space); then, afterward (of time);" cf. Skt. pazca "behind, after, later;" L. post "behind, in the rear; after, afterward;" O.C.S. po "behind, after;" Lith. pas "at, by;" PIE base *pos-, *posko-) + -in superlative suffix.

last (v.)
  پاییدن   
pâyidan

Fr.: durer   

To continue in time; go on; endure.

M.E. lasten, from O.E. læstan "to continue, endure;" cf. Goth. laistjan "to follow after," Ger. leisten "to perform, achieve,"), from PIE root *lois- "furrow, track."

Pâyidan "to watch, observe; remain or continue in existence, last," variants pâsidan, pâhidan; Mid.Pers. pây- "to protect, guard;" Sogdian p'y "to observe, protect, watch over;" O.Pers. pā- "to protect," pāta- "protected;" Av. pā- "to protect," pāti "guards," nipā(y)- (with ni-) "to watch, observe, guard," nipātar- "protector, watcher," nipāθri- "protectress;" cf. Skt. pā- "to protect, keep," tanû.pā- "protecting the body," paś.pā- "shepherd;" Gk. poma "lid, cover," poimen "shepherd;" L. pascere "to put out to graze," pastor "shepherd;" Lith. piemuo "shepherd;" PIE base *pā- "to protect, feed."

last contact
  پرماس ِ واپسین   
parmâs-e vâpasin

Fr.: dernier contact   

Same as → fourth contact at an eclipse.

last; → contact.

last quarter
  چارک ِ واپسین   
cârak-e vâpasin

Fr.: dernier quartier   

One of the phases of the Moon that appears when it is 90 degrees west of the Sun. Approximately one week after a full moon, when half of the Moon's disk is illuminated by the Sun. → first quarter.

last; → quarter.

last scattering
  واپسین پراکنش   
vâpasin parâkaneš

Fr.: dernière diffusion   

The epoch in the early evolution of the Universe when matter and photons decoupled. Once atoms formed, light and matter stopped constantly interacting with one another, and photons were able to travel freely. As a result, the Universe became transparent. Light from this period is observed today as the → cosmic microwave background radiation. Same as → decoupling era and → recombination era.

last; → scattering.

last scattering surface
  رویه‌ی ِ واپسین پراکنش   
ruye-ye vâpasin parâkaneš

Fr.: surface de dernière diffusion   

The set of locations in space corresponding to the → last scattering epoch in the early Universe. It is a spherical surface around the present-day observer from which the → cosmic microwave background radiation appears to emanate.

last; → scattering; → surface.

last-born
  دمازا   
demâzâ

Fr.: dernier né   

Last in order of birth; youngest.

last; → born.

Demâzâ, from Lori, Laki demâzâ, from demâ "last, end, back," related to dom, → tail, + contraction of zâd, → born.

lasting
  پاینده   
pâyande

Fr.: durable   

Continuing or remaining for a long time; enduring.

last; → -ing.

plastic
  شوکایند   
šukâyand

Fr.: plastique   

1a) Capable of being → deformed continuously and permanently without → rupture.
1b) Capable of being molded.
1c) Made or consisting of a plastic.
2) → plastic substance.

From L. plasticus, from Gk. plastikos "that may be molded, pertaining to molding," from plassein "to mold."

Šukâyand, literally "moldable," from šuk, contraction of šuka (Dehxodâ) "a mold in which ingots are cast" + âyand agent noun form of âmadan "to come; to become," → elastic.


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