An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 12 Search : upper
canonical upper limit
  حد ِ زبرین ِ جرم   
hadd-e zabarin-e jerm

Fr.: limite supériure canonique   

A physical upper mass limit near 150 Msun assumed for the stellar → initial mass function (Kroupa et al. 2012, arXiv:1112.3340).

canonical; → upper; → limit.

upper
  بالا، زبرین   
bâlâ (#), zabarin (#)

Fr.: supérieur   

Higher, as in place, position, pitch, or in a scale.

Upper, from → up, → hyper-.

Bâlâ, → up; zabarin, → superior.

upper arm
  بازو   
bâzu (#)

Fr.: haut du bras   

The part of the → arm between the → shoulder and the → elbow.

upper; → arm.

Bâzu "arm," from Mid.Pers. bâzûk "arm;" Av. bāzu- "arm;" Mod.Pers. bâhu "stick, staff; arm;" cf. Skt. bāhu- "arm, forearm;" Gk. pechys "forearm, arm, ell;" O.H.G. buog "shoulder;" Ger. Bug "shoulder;" Du. boeg; O.E. bôg, bôh "shoulder, bough;" E. bough " a branch of a tree;" PIE *bhaghu- "arm").

upper atmosphere
  هواسپهر ِ زبرین، جو ِ ~   
havâsepehr-e zabarin, javv-e ~

Fr.: atmosphère supérieure   

The general term applied to the atmosphere above the → troposphere.

upper; → atmosphere.

upper culmination
  بالست ِ زبرین   
bâlest-e zabarin

Fr.: culmination supérieure   

Same as → superior culmination.

upper; → culmination.

upper level
  تراز ِ بالا، ~ زبرین   
tarâz-e bâlâ (#), ~ zabarin (#)

Fr.: niveau supérieur   

In atomic physics, an initial energy state in an emission transition.

upper; → level.

upper limit
  حدِ بالا، ~ زبرین   
hadd-e bâlâ (#), ~ zabarin (#)

Fr.: limite supérieure   

Of an integral operator, the point at which the integration ends.

upper; → limit.

upper main sequence
  رشته‌ی ِ فریست ِ زبرین   
rešte-ye farist-e zabarin

Fr.: séquence principale supérieure   

A → main sequence star with a mass above 1.5 Msun. Upper main sequence stars have high central temperatures so that they produce their energy through the → CNO cycle. The outward energy flux is very high and therefore this flux cannot be maintained by → radiative transfer. Thus, upper main sequence stars have → convective cores. Outside the core, there is a → radiative zone. The mass of the convective core gradually diminishes as the hydrogen is consumed. The surface hydrogen is fully ionized and the → opacity is due to → electron scattering The opacity due to electron scattering.

upper; → main; → sequence.

upper mantle
  گوشته‌ی ِ زبرین   
gušte-ye zabarin

Fr.: manteau supérieur   

The upper part of the Earth's → mantle which begins at the base of the → crust around 35 km and extends downward to about 410 km.

upper; → mantle.

upper mass cut-off
  بره‌ی ِ بالایی ِ جرم، ~ زبرین ِ ~   
bore-ye bâlâyi-ye jerm, ~ zabarin-e ~

Fr.: coupure aux masses élevées   

Same as → upper mass limit.

upper; → mass; → cut-off.

upper mass limit
  حد ِ بالایی ِ جرم، ~ زبرین ِ ~   
hadd-e bâlâyi-ye jerm, ~ zabarin-e ~

Fr.: limite supérieure de masses   

The highest mass range admitted in a star formation model. The high mass end of the → initial mass function. The upper mass limit is a critical parameter in understanding → stellar populations, → star formation, and → massive star feedback in galaxies.

upper; → mass; → limit.

upper transit
  گذر ِ زبرین   
gozar-e zabarin (#)

Fr.: passage supérieur   

The movement of a celestial body across a celestial meridian's upper branch. Same as → upper culmination.

upper; → transit.