An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
heat capacity
  گنجایش ِ گرمایی   
gonjâyeš-e garmâyi (#)

Fr.: capacité thermique, ~ calorifique   

The ratio of an amount of heat, dQ, transferred to a body in some process to the corresponding change in the temperature of the body: C = dQ/dT. The heat capacity depends upon the mass of the body, its chemical composition, thermodynamic state, and the kind of process employed to transfer the heat. The word "capacity" may be misleading because it suggests the essentially meaningless statement "the amount of heat a body can hold," whereas what is meant is the heat added per unit temperature rise. → specific heat.

heat; → capacity.

heat conduction
  هازش ِ گرما   
hâzeš-e garmâ

Fr.: conduction de chaleur   

A type of → heat transfer by means of molecular agitation within a material without any motion of the material as a whole.

heat; → conduction.

heat convection
  همبز ِ گرما   
hambaz-e garmâ (#)

Fr.: convection de chaleur   

A type of → heat transfer involving mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.

heat; → convection.

heat death of the Universe
  مرگ ِ گرمایی ِ گیتی   
marg-e garmâyi-ye giti (#)

Fr.: mort thermique de l'Univers   

Assuming that the Universe is a thermodynamically → isolated system, a state of absolute uniformity in the Universe in which all temperature differences would reduce to zero and no energy will be available for use, according to the → second law of thermodynamics. In that condition of maximum → entropy, the Universe would be in a state of unchanging death. First introduced by the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) in 1854, on the basis of William Thomson's (1824-1907) idea.

heat; → death; → Universe.

heat of vaporization
  گرمای ِ بخارش   
garmâ-ye boxâreš

Fr.: chaleur de vaporisation   

The amount of heat energy required to transform an amount of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase. → molar heat of vaporization.

heat; → vaporization.

heat shield
  سپر ِ گرمایی، گرماسپر   
separ-e garmâyi (#), garmâ-separ

Fr.: bouclier thermique   

A structure that protects against excessive heat, especially that which covers the vulnerable surfaces of a → spacecraft and protects it when re-entering the Earth's atmosphere.

heat; → shield.

heat transfer
  تراوژ ِ گرما   
tarâvaž-e garmâ

Fr.: transfert de chaleur   

The spontaneous transportation of heat through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

heat; → transfer.

heat wave
  چله‌ی ِ تابستان   
celle-ye tâbestân (#)

Fr.: canicule   

Meteorology: A period of several successive days of abnormally hot and usually humid weather occurring in summer.

heat; → wave.

Celle-ye tâbestân literally "the fortieth of summer," i.e. "midsummer," from cellé pertaining to "forty (days)," from cel, cehel, → forty, + tâbestân, → summer.

heating
  گرمش   
garmeš

Fr.: chauffage   

1) The process whereby a system's temperature increases. → warming.
2) A device or system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building; the heat supplied.

heat; → -ing.

heaven
  آسمان   
âsmân (#)

Fr.: ciel   

The sky or Universe as seen from the Earth; the firmament. Often used in the plural.

From M.E. heven, O.E. heofon, possibly from P.Gmc. *khemina- (cf. M.L.G. heben, O.N. himinn, Goth. himins, Du. hemel, Ger. Himmel "heaven, sky"); PIE base *kem-/*kam- "to cover."

Âsmân, from Mid.Pers. âsmân "sky, heaven;" O.Pers. asman- "heaven;" Av. asman- "stone, sling-stone; heaven;" cf. Skt. áśman- "stone, rock, thunderbolt;" Gk. akmon "heaven, meteor, anvil;" Akmon was the father of Ouranos (Uranus), god of sky; Lith. akmuo "stone;" Rus. kamen; PIE base *akmon- "stone, sky." The link between the "stone" and "sky" concepts indicates that the sky had once been conceived as a stone vault by prehistoric Indo-Europeans.

heavenly body
  جسم ِ آسمانی   
jesm-e âsmâni

Fr.: corps céleste   

astronomical object.

heaven; → -ly; → body.

Heaviside layer
  لایه‌ی ِ هه‌وی‌ساید   
lâye-ye Heaviside (#)

Fr.: couche de Heaviside   

Kennelly-Heaviside layer.

English physicist Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925).

heavy
  سنگین   
sangin (#)

Fr.: lourd   

Of great weight; of great amount, quantity.

M.E. hevi; O.E. hefig, from P.Gmc. *khabigas (cf. O.N. hebig).

Sangin "heavy, weighty; stony, like stone, hard," from sang "stone, rock" (Mid.Pers. sang; O.Pers. aθanga-; Av. asenga- "stone" (related to Mod.Pers. âsmân "sky" → heaven); PIE *aken-) + -in adj. suffix.

heavy element
  بن‌پار ِ سنگین   
bonpâr-e sangin (#)

Fr.: élément lourd   

In astrophysics, any → chemical element heavier than → helium. Such elements are also inappropriately referred to as "→ metals."

heavy; → element.

heavy hydrogen
  هیدروژن ِ سنگین   
hidrožen-e sangin (#)

Fr.: hydrogène lourd   

deuterium.

heavy; → hydrogen.

heavy water
  آب ِ سنگین   
âb-e sangin (#)

Fr.: eau lourde   

Water in which the hydrogen is replaced by → deuterium. Deuterium Oxide (D2O).

heavy; → water.

Hebrew calendar
  گاهشمار ِ یهود   
gâhšomâr-e yahud (#)

Fr.: calendrier hébreu   

A → lunisolar calendar used by Jews for religious purposes. The year consists of 12 months alternating between 29 and 30 days, making a year of 354 days. In order to conform to the → solar year, a → leap month is included every third year. A month begins the day the new moon is first seen. The years are counted from the time of "creation," believed by Jewish theologians to have occurred in the year 3761 B.C. Also called → Jewish calendar.

Hebrew, from O.E., from O.Fr. Ebreu, from L. Hebraeus, from Gk. Hebraios, from Aramaic 'ebhrai, corresponding to Heb. 'ibhri "an Israelite," literally "one from the other side," in reference to the River Euphrates, or perhaps simply denoting "immigrant;" from 'ebher "region on the other or opposite side;" → calendar.

Gâhšomâr, → calendar; yahudJewish calendar.

hect-, hecto-
  هکتو-   
hekto- (#)

Fr.: hecto-   

A prefix meaning hundred (102) used in the formation of compound words.

From Fr., from Gk. hekaton "hundred."

Hekto-, loanword from Fr., as above.

height
  بلندی، بلندا، فرازا   
bolandi (#), bolandâ (#), farâzâ (#)

Fr.: hauteur   

Distance upward from a given level to a fixed point.

M.E., from O.E. hiehthu; → high + -th a suffix forming nouns of action (e.g., birth) or abstract nouns denoting quality or condition (depth; length; warmth).

Bolandi, bolandâ "height," noun forms from boland "high," variants bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," borz "height, magnitude" (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz), Lori dialect berg "hill, mountain;" Mid.Pers. buland "high;" O.Pers. baršan- "height;" Av. barəz- "high, mount," barezan- "height;" cf. Skt. bhrant- "high;" L. fortis "strong" (Fr. & E. force); O.E. burg, burh "castle, fortified place," from P.Gmc. *burgs "fortress;" Ger. Burg "castle," Goth. baurgs "city," E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg); PIE base *bhergh- "high."
Farâzâ, noun of farâz "above, up, upon, on the top, aloft," from Mid.Pers. farâz, farâc "forward, prominent, distinguished;" Av. frānk- (adj.) "turned toward the front," fraca (adv.) "forward, forth," fraš (adv.) "forward, forth; before;" Proto-Iranian *frānk-.

heiligenschein
  سپنت‌فروغ   
sepant foruq

Fr.: auréole, heiligenschein   

A diffuse bright region surrounding the shadow that an observer's head casts on an irregular surface. It can be best observed on dewy reeds or grass. This phenomenon is reminiscent of the → glory, but without its color and regular structure.

Heiligenschein, Ger., literally "saint's shining light," from heiligen, from heilig "holy, sacred" (P.Gmc. *khailagas; M.H.G. heilec; O.H.G. heilag; Goth. hailag; O.N. heilagr; O.E. halig; E. holy) + Schein "glow, shine" (M.H.G. schinen, O.H.G. skinan, P.Gmc. *skinanan; E. shine; cf. Mod.Pers. sâyé "shadow;" Mid.Pers. sâyak "shadow;" Av. a-saya- "throwing no shadow;" Skt. chāya- "shadow;" Gk. skia "shade;" Rus. sijat' "to shine;" PIE base *skai- "bright").

Sepant foruq, from sepant "holy" (Mid.Pers. spand "holy," Spandarmat "Holy Thought; 5-th day of the month; 12-th month of the year;" from Av. spənta- "holy; beneficent," spəntô.mainyav- "coming from or belonging to the holy spirit," spəntô.təma- "holiest") + foruq "light, brightness" (related to rôšan "light; bright, luminous;" ruz "day," afruxtan "to light, kindle;" Mid.Pers. payrog "light, brightness," rošn light; bright," rôc "day;" O.Pers. raucah-; Av. raocana- "bright, shining, radiant," raocah- "light, luminous; daylight;" cf. Skt. rocaná- "bright, shining, roka- "brightness, light;" Gk. leukos "white, clear;" L. lux "light" (also lumen, luna; E. light, Ger. Licht, and Fr. lumière; PIE base *leuk- "light, brightness").

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>