An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 763
degree of coherence
  درجه‌ی ِ همدوسی   
dareje-ye hamdusi

Fr.: degré de cohérence   

The extent of → coherence of an → electromagnetic wave, as indicated by a → dimensionless number. Since interference takes place when waves are → coherent, using a → Young's experiment, the degree of coherence is measured from the → fringe  → visibility, V. It is defined as the ratio V = (Imax - Imin) / (Imax + Imin), where Imax is the intensity at a maximum of the → interference pattern, and Imin is the intensity at a minimum of the interference pattern. The electromagnetic wave is considered to be highly coherent when the degree of coherence is about 1, incoherent for nearly zero values, and partially coherent for values between 0 and 1.

degree; → coherence.

degree of freedom
  درجه‌ی ِ آزادی   
daraje-ye âzâdi (#)

Fr.: degré de liberté   

Of a → mechanical system, the number of → independent variables needed to describe its configuration.

degree; → freedom.

degree of ionization
  درجه‌ی ِ یونش   
daraje-ye yoneš (#)

Fr.: degré d'ionisation   

The number of electrons a neutral atom has lost in an ionizing physical process (radiation, shock, collision). In spectroscopy, the degree of ionization is indicated by a Roman numeral following the symbol for the element. A neutral atom is indicated by the Roman numeral I, a singly ionized atom, one which has lost one electron, is indicated by II, and so on. Thus O VI indicates an oxygen atom which has lost five electrons.

degree; → ionization.

degree of polarization
  درجه‌ی ِ قطبش   
daraje-ye qotbeš

Fr.: degré de polarisation   

The ratio of the intensity of polarized portion of light to the total intensity at a point in the beam.

degree; → polarization.

degree of stability
  درجه‌ی ِ پایداری   
daraje-ye pâydâri

Fr.: degré de stabilité   

Statics: The → energy that must be expended to permanently disturb a specific state of → equilibrium of a body.

degree; → stability.

degree of vertex
  درجه‌ی ِ تارک   
daraje-ye târak

Fr.: degré de vertex   

The → number of → edges incident on the → vertex.

degree; → vertex.

dehumanization
  مرتوگان‌زدایی   
martugân zodâyi

Fr.: déshumanisation   

The act or process or an instance of dehumanizing.

Verbal noun of → dehumanize.

dehumanize
  مرتوگان زدودن   
martugân zodudan

Fr.: déshumaniser   

To deprive of → human qualities or personality.

de-; → dehumanize.

Deimos
  دیموس   
Deymos (#)

Fr.: Deimos   

The smaller and outermost of Mars' two satellites. It measures 12.6 km in size, and orbits Mars every 30.2 hours at a distance of about 23,500 km. It was discovered by the American astronomer Asaph Hall in 1877.

In Gk. mythology, Deimos, meaning "fear, terror," is one of the sons of Ares (Mars) and Aphrodite (Venus).

deionization
  وایونش   
vâyoneš

Fr.: désionisation   

Chemistry: A process in which all charged species are removed from a solution.
The return of an ionized gas to its non-ionized state after the ionizing source has been removed.

From → de- + → ionization.

deism
  دادارباوری، ایزدباوری   
dâdâr-bâvari (#), izad-bâvari

Fr.: déisme   

1) Belief in the existence of a → God on the evidence of → reason and → nature only, with rejection of supernatural revelation (distinguished from → theism).
2) Belief in a God who created the world but has since remained indifferent to it (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. déisme, from L. de(us) "god," → deity, + → -ism.

Dâdâr-bâvari, from dâdâr "creator," → author, + bâvari, → ism; izad-bâvari, from izad "god," → deity.

deist
  دادارباور، ایزدباور   
dâdâr-bâvar (#), izad-bâvar

Fr.: déiste   

A person who believes in → deism.

deism; → -ist

deity
  ۱) ایزد؛ ۲) ایزدگان   
1) izad (#); 2) izadgân

Fr.: 1) dieu, déesse; 2) divinité   

1) A god or goddess.
2) Divine character or nature, especially that of the Supreme Being; divinity (Dictionary.com).

M.E. deite, from O.Fr., from L.L. deitat- (nominative deitas), from L. dei- (combining form of deus "god") + -tat- "-ty," formed after L. divinitas "divinity."

Izad "god;" from Mid.Pers. yazêt "god; angel," izišn "performance of the religious rites, worship," yašt "worship, religious ceremony," yaštan "to venerate, to perform the religious ceremony;" O.Pers. yad- "to worship;" Av. yaz- "to sacrifice, worship, venerate," yazata- "deities," yasna- "religious rite" (Mod.Pers. jašn "feast"); Proto-Ir. *iaz- "to sacrifice, worship, venerate."

del operator
  آپارگر ِ دل   
âpârgar-e del

Fr.: opérateur del   

In → vector calculus, a vector → partial derivative represented by the symbol → nabla and defined in three dimensions to be:
∇ = (∂/∂x)i + (∂/∂y)j + (∂/∂z)k.
It appears in the operations → gradient: ∇f, → divergence: ∇ . E, → curl: ∇ x E, and → Laplacian: ∇ . ∇f = ∇2f.

From Gk. alphabet letter delta.

delay
  درنگ   
derang (#)

Fr.: retard   

The amount of time by which an event is retarded.

From O.Fr. délaier, from dé-de- "away, from" + laiier, from laiss(i)er "to leave," from L. laxare "to loosen, release, set free."

Derang, from Mid.Pers. dirang, drang "delay, lateness; long, lasting," Av. drənj- "to fix, fasten, hold," Proto-Iranian *dra(n)j- "to fix, fasten, hold."

delay time
  زمان ِ درنگ   
zamân-e derang

Fr.: temps de retard, délai   

Same as → delay.

delay; → time.

delayed neutrons
  نوترونهای ِ درنگیده   
notronhâ-ye derangidé

Fr.: neutrons retardés   

Neutrons resulting from nuclear fission which are emitted with a measurable time delay. Delayed neutrons are responsible for the ability to control the rate at which power can rise in a reactor. → prompt neutrons.

Delayed, p.p. of the verbal form of → delay; → neutron.

delayed supernova explosion
  اسکفت ِ بادرنگ ِ اَبَر-نووا، ~ ~ اَبَر-نو‌اختر   
oskaft-e bâderang-e abar-novâ, ~ ~ abar-now-axtar

Fr.: explosion retardée de supernova   

A mechanism predicted by theoretical models of → supernova explosion that operates after the → supernova shock fails to deliver a → prompt supernova explosion. The delayed supernova explosion mechanism assumes that a few tenth of a second after the → iron core collapse, the supernova shock is stalled due to energy dissipation. The material between the → protoneutron star and the stalled shock is mainly disintegrated into neutrons and protons due to the high temperatures (a few MeV) in this region. As the → neutrinos coming from the protoneutron star run through this material, a fraction of the neutrinos are captured by the → nucleons, and their energy is deposited in the material. As a result, the material behind the shock is heated by the neutrinos. If this neutrino heating is efficient enough, the stalled shock can be reinvigorated to bring about a supernova explosion.

delay; → supernova; → explosion.

delete
  روشیدن   
rušidan

Fr.: barrer, rayer   

To strike out or remove (something written or printed); cancel; erase.

L. deletus, p.p. of delere "destroy, blot out, efface," from delevi, fro delinere "to erase by smudging," from → de- "from, away" + linere "to smear, wipe."

Rušidan, from Kurd. rušê "to be wiped off through rubbing;" cf. Av. fra.uruxti- "destruction;" Wakhi riz-, rəz-/rəzd- "to tear apart, rip up a seam;" Yaghnobi ruc/ructa, rušta "to shave off the skin, skin off;" Proto-Ir. *rauj- "to break, bust" (Cheung 2007).

deletion
  روشه   
rušé

Fr.: suppression   

1) An act or instance of deleting. The state of being deleted. A deleted word, passage, etc.
2) Genetics: A type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun from → delete.

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