An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 763
dry merger
  تشک ِ بی‌گاز   
tašk-e bigâz

Fr.: fusion sans gaz   

A merger between → gas-poor  → early-type galaxies.

dry; → merger.

Dschubba
  جبهه   
Jebhe

Fr.: Dschubba   

Primary star of the → Delta Scorpii system.

Dschubba, from Ar. Al-Jabhah (الجبهه) "the forehead" Scorpion). The name was officially adopted by the → International Astronomical Union's Working Group on Star Names on 21 August 2016.

dual
  دوگانه   
dogâné (#)

Fr.: double   

Of, pertaining to, or noting two; having a twofold, or double, character or nature.

From L. dualis, from duo "two."

Dogâné, from do "two," cognate with duo + -gân plurality suffix + nuance suffix.

dual supermassive black hole
  سیه‌چال ِ ابر-پرجرم ِ دوگانه   
siyah-câl-e abar-porjerm-e dogâné

Fr.: trou noir supermassif double   

The outcome of a → merger process between two galaxies, each with its own central → supermassive black hole (SMBH), resulting in a remnant galaxy hosting two SMBHs. Simulations of → galaxy mergers show there should be lots of dual → active galactic nuclei (AGN) visible at less than 10 kpc separations. As of 2015 more than 100 known dual supermassive black holes have been found. See also → binary supermassive black hole.

dual; → supermassive; → black; → hole.

dualism
  دوگانه‌باوری، دوگانه‌گرایی، دوگانگی   
dogânebâvari, dogânegerâyi, dogânegi

Fr.: dualisme   

1) Philo.: The doctrine, as opposed to idealism and materialism, that reality consists of two basic types of substance usually taken to be mind and matter or two basic types of entity, mental and physical.
2) The state of being twofold or double. → dualism, → pluralism (Dictionary.com).

dual; → -ism.

duality
  دوگانگی   
dogânegi (#)

Fr.: dualité   

The quality or character of being twofold, as the → wave-particle duality.

M.E dualitie, from L.L. dualitas.

Dogânegi, from dogânag + -i.

Dubhe (α Ursae Majoris)
  دبه   
dobbé (#)

Fr.: Dubhé   

The second brightest star in the constellation → Ursa Major with a → visual magnitude of about 1.8. It lies at the front of the → Big Dipper's bowl and with → Merak (Beta UMa) makes the famous → Pointers. α Ursae Majoris is a → supergiant of type K0 IIIa and has a → companion.

From Ar. al-dubb (الدب) "bear," referring to the bear in Gk. mythology.

Dobbé from Ar., as above.

ductile
  رشایند   
rešâyand

Fr.: duvtile   

Describing a substance that exhibits → ductility.

M.E., from L. ductilis, from duct(us), p.p. of ducere "to draw along," → aonduct, + -ilis "-il," a suffix of adjectives.

Rešâyand, literally "capable of becoming string, thread," from reš, as in rešté "thread, line, rope, row," rešmé "string, rope, thread," variants rasan, ras, (Gilaki) viris, related to abrišam "silk;" from reštan, risidan "to spin;" Mid.Pers. rištag "rope, string, thread;" Av. uruuaēs- "to turn around," uruuaēsa- "vortex in water;" Proto-Iranian *uris- "to turn, spin;" cf. Skt. vréśī- "an appellation of waters;" Gk. rhiknos "crooked;" Lith. rišti "tie, bind;" O.H.G. rīho "knee-bend;" âyand agent noun form of âmadan "to come; to become," → elastic.

ductility
  رشایندی   
rešâyandi

Fr.: ductilité   

The property of a metal that allows it to be elongated into wire or threads without fracture. For example, → copper and → silver are highly ductile metals.

ductile; → -ity.

Dulong-Petit law
  قانون ِ دولون-پتی   
qânun-e Dulong-Petit

Fr.: loi de Dulong et Petit   

The product of the → specific heat and → atomic weight of most solid elements at room → temperature is nearly the same. In other words, specific heat is constant for a solid and independent of temperature. Experiment shows that at moderate temperatures this law is satisfied for → crystals with rather simple structure. However, the law fails for crystals with more complex structures. More specifically the law cannot explain the variation of specific heat with temperature. The specific heat drops to zero as the temperature approaches 0 K. This behavior is explained only with the quantum theory. → Debye model.

Named after Pierre L. Dulong (1785-1838) and Alexis T. Petit (1797-1820), French chemists, who proposed the law in 1819. They collaborated in several important investigations, including studies of thermal expansion of gases and of liquids and the specific heats of substances; → law.

Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC 6853)
  میغ ِ دمبل   
miq-e dambel

Fr.: Nébuleuse de l'Haltère   

One of the brightest planetary nebulae; it lies in the constellation → Vulpecula at a distance of about 1000 light-years. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764.

Dumbbell "a short bar with weights at each end that is used for exercise," from dumb + bell. When viewed in a small telescope, the brighter portion of the nebula shows like a bipolar geometry, hence the name; → nebula.

Dambel loanword from dumbbell, as above; → nebula.

duodecennial
  دوازده‌سالی   
davâzdahsâli (#)

Fr.: duodécennal   

Consisting of twelve → years.

From L. duodecennium, from duodecim "tweleve," from duo, → two, + decem, → ten, + annus "year," → annual.

Davâzdahsâli, from davâzdah "twelve," from do, → two, + dah, → ten + sâl, → year.

duodecennial animal calendar
  گاهشمار ِ دوازده‌سالی ِ جانوری   
gâhšomâr-e davâzdahsâli-ye janevari (#)

Fr.: calendrier duodécennal   

A → lunisolar calendar in which the years are named after each of the following twelve animals: rat, ox, tiger, hare, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, cock, dog, pig. An animal presides over one year in the twelve-year cycle, which is then repeated. The calendar was/is mainly used by central Asian cultures (Khotanese, Sogdians, Buddhists, Kucheans, Mongols, and Chinese). It was also used in Iran after the Mongol invasion in the thirteenth century.

duodecennial; → animal; → calendar.

duplicate
  ۱) دوتاییدن، دوتا کردن؛ ۲) دوتاکرد   
1) dotâyidan, dotâ kardan; 2) dotâkard

Fr.: 1) faire un double de; 2) double, copie exacte   

1) To make an exact copy of.
2) A copy exactly like an original.

From L. duplicatus, p.p. of duplicare "to double," from duo, → two + plicare "to fold," → multiply.

Dotâyidan, "to double," infinitive from dotâyi, → double.

duplication
  دوتایش، دوتاکرد   
dotâyeš, dotâkard

Fr.: duplication   

An act or instance of duplicating; the state of being duplicated.

Verbal noun of → duplicate.

durability
  پایشمندی، پایندگی   
pâyešmandi, pâyandegi

Fr.: durabilité   

The ability to withstand damage or decay.

durable; → -ity.

durable
  پایشمند، پاینده   
pâyešmand, pâyande

Fr.: durable   

Capable of lasting, enduring; withstanding deterioration.

duration; → -able.

duration
  پایش   
pâyeš

Fr.: durée   

Continuance in time; a period of existence or persistence; length of time during which anything continues.

Noun of action from L. durare "to harden," → during.

Pâyeš, noun of action from pâyidan, → last (v.).

during
  ترپای   
tarpây

Fr.: durant   

In the course of, in the time of, throughout the continuance of.

M.E. Duryng, durand, pr.p. of duren "to last, endure, continue, be or exist," from O.Fr. durer, from L. durare "to harden," from durus "hard;" PIE root *deru- "be firm, solid, steadfast."

Tarpây, literally "lasting over time," from tar- "through, across, over time," variant tarâ-, → trans-, + pây present stem and agent noun of pâyidan, → last (v.).

dusk
  شامگاه   
šâmgâh (#)

Fr.: crépuscule   

The time of day immediately following → sunset which is partial darkness between day and night.

Back formation from M.E. dosk, duske "dusky," from O.E. dox "dark-haired, dark."

Šâmgâh, from šâm "evening, evening meal" + gâh "time." The first component, šâm, from Mid.Pers. šâm "evening meal, supper," from Av. xšāfnya- "evening meal," from Av. xšap-, xšapā-, xšapan-, xšafn- "night" (O.Pers. xšap- "night;" Mid.Pers. šap; Mod.Pers. šab "night"); cf. Skt. ksap- "nigh, darkness;" Hitt. ispant- "night." The second component gâh "time;" Mid.Pers. gâh, gâs "time;" O.Pers. gāθu-; Av. gātav-, gātu- "place, throne, spot;" cf. Skt. gâtu- "going, motion; free space for moving; place of abode;" PIE *gwem- "to go, come."

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