An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 33 Search : ordinate
altazimuth coordinate system
  راژمان ِ هم‌آراهای ِ فرازا-سوگان   
râžmân-e hamârâhâ-ye farâzâ-sugân

Fr.: coordonnées azimutales   

The coordinate system in which the position of a body on the → celestial sphere is described with respect to an observer's → celestial horizon and → zenith. The coordinates of a point in this system are its → altitude on the → vertical circle, and its → azimuth westward (clockwise) along the celestial horizon from the observer's south. Same as → horizon coordinate system.

altazimuth; → coordinate; → system.

astronomical coordinates
  هماراها‌ی اخترشناسیک، ~ اخترشناختی   
hamârâhâ-ye axtaršenâsik, ~ axtarsršnâxti (#)

Fr.: coordonnées astronomiques   

Values in a reference system used to relate the position of a body on the celestial sphere.

astronomical; → coordinates.

Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB)
  زمان ِ همارا‌ی ِ گرانیگاهی   
zamân-e hamârâ-ye gerânigâhi

Fr.: temps-coordonnée barycentrique (TCB)   

A → coordinate time having its spatial origin at the solar system barycenter. It is intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the solar system. → Barycentric Dynamical Time (IDB).

barycenter; → coordinate; → time.

canonical coordinates
  هماراها‌یِ هنجاروار   
hamârâhâ-ye hanjârvâr,

Fr.: coordonnées canoniques   

Any set of generalized coordinates of a system together with their → conjugate momenta.

canonical; → coordinates.

Cartesian coordinates
  هم‌آراهای ِ دکارتی   
hamârâhâ-ye Dekârti

Fr.: coordonnées cartésiennes   

A → coordinate system in which the position of a point is specified by two (in a plane) or three (in 3-dimensional space) → real numbers representing the distances from two perpendicular axes or from three perpendicular planes, respectively. René Descartes (1596-1650) introduced the coordinates system in his La Géométrie in 1637.

Cartesian; → coordinate.

celestial coordinates
  هماراهای ِ آسمانی   
hamârâhâ-ye âsmâni (#)

Fr.: coordonées célestes   

Any system of coordinates used to define a point on the celestial sphere (zenith distance, altitude, celestial latitude, celestial longitude, etc.).

celestial; → coordinates.

comoving coordinates
  هماراهای ِ هم‌جنب   
hamârâhâ-ye hamjonb

Fr.: coordonnées comobiles   

A system of coordinates used in cosmology which is fixed with respect to the overall → Hubble flow of the universe. A given galaxy's location in comoving coordinates does not change as the Universe expands.

comoving; → frame.

coordinate
  ۱) همارا؛ ۲) هم‌آراستن   
1) hamârâ (#); 2) hamârâstan

Fr.: 1) coordonnée; 2) coordonner   

1) Any of a series of numbers which, in relation to a given → frame of reference, locate a point in space. See also: → astronomical coordinatescanonical coordinatesCartesian coordinatescelestial coordinatescylindrical coordinatesequatorial coordinatesGalactic coordinatesgeneralized coordinatespolar coordinatesspherical coordinatesprecessed coordinatestopocentric coordinates.
2) To place in the same order or rank; to organize in a concordant operation.

From L. co- "together," → com- + orinatus, p.p. of ordinare "to put in order, arrange," from ordo "order."

Hamârâ, from ham- "together," → com- + ârâ stem of ârâstan "to arrange, to set in order, adorn," Mid.Pers. ârây-, ârâstan "to arrange, adorn," O.Pers. râs- "to be right, straight, true," râsta- "straight, true" (Mod.Pers. râst "straight, true"), râd- "to prepare," Av. râz- "to direct, put in line, set," Av. razan- "order," Gk. oregein "to stretch out," L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight," Skt. rji- "to make straight or right, arrange, decorate," PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line."

coordinate system
  راژمان ِ همارا   
râžmân-e hamârâ

Fr.: système de coordonnées   

Math: A system for locating each point in space by a set of numbers.
Astro: Values in a reference system used to relate the position of a body on the celestial sphere. Four main coordinate systems are utilized in astronomy: the equatorial, horizontal, ecliptic, and galactic coordinates systems.

coordinate; → system.

coordinate time
  زمان ِ همارا   
zamân-e hamârâ

Fr.: temps-coordonnée   

In relativity, the proper time in the specified reference frame. Because of time dilation, this may differ from the time experienced by any participant in the events being considered. It is the time basis (or coordinate) to be used in the theory of motions referred to this system.

coordinate; → time.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
  زمان ِ جهانی ِ هم‌آراسته   
zamân-e jahâni-ye hamrârâsté

Fr.: temps universel coordonné   

An international high-precision time standard based on the Greenwich Mean Time and adjusted to compensate for divergence from atomic time. It is based on the non-uniform rotation of the Earth (UT1) and the perfectly uniform international atomic time (TAI). UTC differs from TAI by the total number of → leap seconds, so that UT1-UTC stays smaller than 0.9 sec in absolute value.

coordinate; → universal; → time.

cyclic coordinate
  همارای ِ نادیده‌انگاشته   
hamârâ-ye nâdidé engâshté

Fr.: coordonnée ignorée   

Same as → ignorable coordinate.

cyclic; → coordinate.

cylindrical coordinates
  هماراهای ِ استوانه‌ای   
hamârâhâ-ye ostovâne-yi (#)

Fr.: coordonnées cylindriques   

A coordinate system for a point in space, using an origin (O) and three perpendicular axes (Ox, Oy, Oz), in which a point (P) in space is specified by three numbers ρ, φ, z. The two first numbers, ρ and φ, are → polar coordinates for the vertical projection of P on the xy-plane, and z is the vertical distance of P from the xy-plane.

cylindrical; → coordinate.

equatorial coordinate system
  راژمان ِ هماراهای ِ هموگاری   
râžmân-e hamârâhâ-ye hamugâri

Fr.: système de coordonnées équatoriales   

An astronomical → coordinate system for indicating the positions of → celestial objects on the → celestial sphere. The system consists of two components, → right ascension and → declination. Right ascension is the angle between the → vernal equinox and the point where the → hour circle intersects the → celestial equator. The right ascension is always measured eastward from the vernal equinox, in the units of hours, minutes, and seconds. Declination is the angle between the celestial equator and the position of the star measured along the star's hour circle. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the celestial equator. By definition, the vernal equinox is located at right ascension 0h and declination 0°. Equatorial coordinates change with time due to the → precession of the Earth's → rotation axis.

equatorial; → coordinate; → system.

equatorial coordinates
  هماراها‌ی ِ هموگاری   
hamârâhâ-ye hamugâri

Fr.: coordonnées équatoriales   

Celestial coordinates in the → equator system.

equatorial, → coordinate.

Galactic coordinates
  هماراهای ِ کهکشانی   
hamârâhâ-ye kahkešâni

Fr.: coordonnées galactiques   

A system of astronomical coordinates using → latitude (bII) measured north and south from the → Galactic equator and → longitude (lII), measured from the → Galactic Center in the sense of increasing → right ascension from 0 to 360 degrees. In the old system (lI,bI), the Galactic center was at lI = 327°41'. Same as → galactic system.

galactic; → coordinate.

GCN: The Gamma-ray Coordinates Network
  توربست ِ هماراهای ِ پرتوهای ِ گاما   
turbast-e hamârâhâ-ye partowhâ-ye gâmâ

Fr.: Le réseau des coordonnées des rayons gamma   

A follow-up community network concerned with → gamma-ray burst (GRB)s. It deals with: 1) locations of GRBs and other → transients detected by spacecraft (most in real-time while the GRB is still bursting), and 2) reports of follow-up observations (the Circulars) made by ground-based and space-based optical, radio, X-ray, TeV, and other observers. The GCN Circulars allow the GRB follow-up community to make optimum use of its limited resources (labor and telescope time) by communicating what has already been done or will soon be done.

gamma ray; → coordinate; → network.

generalized coordinates
  هماراهای ِ هروینیده   
hamârâhâ-ye harvinidé

Fr.: coordonnées généralisées   

In a material system, the independent parameters which completely specify the configuration of the system, i.e. the position of its particles with respect to the frame of reference. Usually each coordinate is designated by the letter q with a numerical subscript. A set of generalized coordinates would be written as q1, q2, ..., qn. Thus a particle moving in a plane may be described by two coordinates q1, q2, which may in special cases be the → Cartesian coordinates x, y, or the → polar coordinates r, θ, or any other suitable pair of coordinates. A particle moving in a space is located by three coordinates, which may be Cartesian coordinates x, y, z, or → spherical coordinates r, θ, φ, or in general q1, q2, q3. The generalized coordinates are normally a "minimal set" of coordinates. For example, in Cartesian coordinates the simple pendulum requires two coordinates (x and y), but in polar coordinates only one coordinate (θ) is required. So θ is the appropriate generalized coordinate for the pendulum problem.

generalized; → coordinate.

geocentric coordinate system
  راژمان ِ هماراها‌ی ِ زمین‌مرکزی   
râžmân-e hamârâhâ-ye zamin-markazi

Fr.: système de coordonnées géocentriques   

A coordinate system which has as its origin the center of the Earth.

geocentric; → coordinate; → system.

Geocentric Coordinate Time (TCG)
  زمان ِ همارا‌ی ِ زمین‌مرکزی   
zamân-e hamârâ-ye zamin-markazi

Fr.: Temps coordonné géocentrique   

The proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth, i.e. a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. TCG was defined in 1991 by the International Astronomical Union as one of the replacements for Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB).

geocentric; → coordinate; → time.

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