An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

   Homepage   
   


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Number of Results: 20 Search : decay
alpha decay
  تباهی ِ آلفا   
tabâhi-ye Âlfâ

Fr.: désintégration Alpha   

The radioactive transformation of a nuclide by alpha-particle emission. Also called alpha disintegration.

alpha; → decay.

beta decay
  تباهی ِ بتا   
tabâhi-ye betâ (#)

Fr.: désintegration bêta   

The transformation of a → radioactive nuclide in which a → beta particle is emitted. In beta minus decay, a → neutron changes into a → proton, → antineutrino, and → electron: n → p + e + ν-. Beta plus decay involves the conversion of a proton to a neutron, → positron, and → neutrino: p → n + e+ + ν.

Beta (β), from → beta particle; → decay.

beta minus decay
  تباهی ِ بتا کمن   
tabâhi-ye betâ kaman

Fr.: désintegration bêta moins   

beta particle.

beta particle; → minus; → decay.

beta plus decay
  تباهی ِ بتا بیشن   
tabâhi-ye betâ bišan

Fr.: désintegration bêta plus   

beta particle.

beta particle; → plus; → decay.

collisional decay
  تباهی ِ همکوبشی   
tabâhi-ye hamkuneši

Fr.: désexcitation collisionnelle   

The process when the energy difference between the excited and non excited states of an atom is taken away by an electron during a collision.

collisional; → decay.

dark matter decay
  تباهی ِ ماده‌ی ِ تاریک   
tabâhi-ye mâde-ye târik

Fr.: désintégration de la matière noire   

In theoretical models, the hypothetical transformation of a → non-baryonic dark matter particle when symmetry is violated at special physical conditions. Dark matter decay and → dark matter annihilation are expected to produce enormous amounts of energy in the form of gamma-rays, cosmic rays, etc.

dark; → matter; → decay.

decay
  ۱) تباهیدن؛ ۲) تباهی، فروپاشی   
1) tabâhidan (#); 2) tabâhi (#), forupâši (#)

Fr.: 1) se désintegrer, se désexciter; 2) désintegration, désexcitation   

1a) To become decomposed.
1b) Of a radioactive nucleus, to disintegrate spontaneously into one or more different nuclei, accompanied by the emission of → alpha particles, → beta particles, → positrons, and/or → gamma rays.
2a) Decomposition.
2b) The → transition of a system from an → excited state to a less excited one. Radiative decay refers to the process when the energy difference between the states is taken away by radiation. Likewise, collisional decay is when the energy difference is removed by a target during a collision.
2c) Of a spacecraft, a gradual decrease in the radius of its orbit over time, caused by aerodynamic drag of the atmosphere and other forces. The rate of orbit decay rises as the spacecraft falls and encounters increasing atmospheric density, eventually resulting in reentry.
alpha decay; → beta decay; → dark matter decay; → decay chain; → decay constant; → decay mode; → decay product; → decay time; → inverse beta decay; → Ohmic decay time; → orbit decay; → radioactive decay; → turbulence decay.

From O.Fr. decair, from V.L. *decadere "to fall off," from L. cadere "to fall," PIE base *kad- "to fall" (cf. Pers. Gilaki katan "to fall," ba.ka.tam "I fell," dakatan "to fall (in a marsh, in a pit)," vakatan "to fall from tiredness, be exhausted," fakatan "to fall from (lose) reputation," Pers. Laki: katen "to fall," kat "he fell," beko "fall!," Pers. Tabari: dakətə "fallen," dakətən "to crash down," dakət.gu "stray cow," Arm. chacnum "to fall").

Tabâhidan, verbal form of tabâhi, noun form of tabâh "spoiled, ruined, destroyed," Mid.Pers. tapâh "spoiled, destroyed." Maybe related to Mod.Pers. tâb "affliction, pain, torment; heat, burning," tab "fever," tâbidan, tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot," Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth," cf. Skt. tap- "to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer; to heat, be/become hot," tapati "burns," L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm," PIE base *tep- "warm."

decay chain
  زنجیره‌ی ِ تباهی   
zanjire-ye tabâhi

Fr.: chaîne de désintégration   

A series of nuclear decays produced by successive → daughter products, when the daughters are themselves → radioactive. For example, the decay chain N1N2N3→ ... in which the parent nuclide N1 decays to the daughter N2, which in turn decays to N3. Each → radionuclide in the decay chain can → branch to more than one daughter.

decay; → chain.

decay constant
  پایای ِ تباهی   
pâyâ-ye tabâhi

Fr.: constante de désintégration   

A constant of proportionality occurring in the formula expressing spontaneous → decay of → radionuclides. The number of atoms decaying is given by N = N0e-kt, where N0 is the number of nuclei in the given volume of the substance at instant t = 0, N is the number of nuclei at t, and k is decay constant. Decay constant is related to → half-life by τ = ln2/k, roughly 0.693/k.

decay; → constant.

decay mode
  ترز ِ تباهی، مد ِ ~   
tarz-e tabâhi, mod-e ~

Fr.: mode de désintégration   

A possible type of decay of a → radionuclide or → elementary particle. In general, a given particle may decay by more than one decay mode. Usually the number of decay modes is one or two. There are, however, → nuclides which have many decay modes; for example the nuclide 11Li has seven decay modes.

decay; → mode.

decay product
  فر‌آورده‌ی ِ تباهی   
farâvarde-ye tabâhi

Fr.: produit de désintégration   

A → stable nuclide or → radioactive nuclide formed by the → disintegration of a → radioactive isotope, either directly or as a result of a → decay chain. Also called → daughter product. For example, the decay product of 238U is 206Pb, after passing through the following chain: 238U → 234Th (4.5 billion yr) → 234Pa (24 days) → 234U (1 min) → 230Th (245,000 yr) → 226Ra (76,000 yr) → 222Rn (1,600 yr) → 218Po (3.8 d) → 214Pb (3 m) → 214Bi (27 m) → 214Po (160 microseconds) → 210Pb (22 yr) → 210Bi (5 d) → 210Po (138 d) → 206Pb.

decay; → product.

decay time
  زمان ِ تباهی   
zamân-e tabâhi (#)

Fr.: temps d'amortissement   

The time required for the amplitude of a vibrating system to decrease to 1/e of its initial value.
Of an orbiting object, its lifetime in a non stable orbit.

decay; → time.

gamma decay
  تباهی ِ گاما   
tabâhi-ye gâmâ (#)

Fr.: désintégration gamma   

A type of → radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process, usually accompanied by → alpha decay or → beta decay.

gamma; → decay.

inverse beta decay
  تباهی ِ وارون ِ بتا   
tabâhi-ye vârun-e β (#)

Fr.: désintégration β inverse   

A collision of a proton with an electron that produces a neutron and an electron neutrino. See → beta decay.

inverse; β, letter of Gk. alphabet; → decay.

Ohmic decay time
  زمان ِ تباهی ِ اُهمی   
zamân-e tabâhi-ye Ohmi

Fr.: temps de dissipation ohmique   

An upper bound on the time scale on which the magnetic field of a system would decay in the absence of any other agent. It is expressed as: τμ = R2 / μ, where R is the scale size of the system, η the magnetic diffusivity (η = 1 / μσ, where μ is the magnetic permeability and σ the electrical conductivity). For a star like the Sun, τμ  ≅ 1010 years, so a fossil magnetic field could survive for the star's lifetime on the main sequence. For the Earth, τμ  ≅ 104 years, so a → dynamo is required to explain the persistence of the geomagnetic field.

Ohmic; → decay; → time.

orbit decay
  تباهیِ مدار   
tabâhi-ye madâr

Fr.: déclin d'orbite   

A gradual change in the orbit of a spacecraft caused by aerodynamic drag of a planet's outer atmosphere and other forces.

orbit; → decay.

outburst decay
  تباهی ِ اسبلک   
tabâhi-ye osbelk

Fr.:   

A phase in the → light curve evolution of eruptive objects such as → dwarf novae, → Soft X-ray Transients, and transient → magnetars which follows the characterized sudden increase in their flux (over a factor ~ 1000 over the quiescent level). Outburst decay is slow and lasts months or years.

outburst; → decay.

radiative decay
  تباهی ِ تابشی   
tabâhi-ye tâbeši

Fr.: désexcitation radiative   

The process when the energy difference between the excited and non excited states of an atom is taken away by radiation.

radiative; → decay.

radioactive decay
  تباهی ِ پرتو-ژیرا   
tabâhi-ye partow-žirâ

Fr.: désintégration radioactive   

Spontaneous emission by a nucleus of photons or particles.

radioactive; → decay.

turbulence decay
  تباهی ِ آشوبناکی   
tabâhi-ye âšubnâki

Fr.: dissipation de turbulence   

The process whereby turbulence evolves by exchanging energy, leading to → dissipation.

turbulence; → decay.