An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) Tending to compel, as to force or push toward a course of action; overpowering.
2) Having a powerful and irresistible effect; requiring acute admiration, attention, or respect (Dictionary.com).

→ compel; → -ing.

To reduce or balance the effect of something unwanted by exerting an opposite force or effect.

From L. compensatus, p.p. of compensare "to weigh one thing (against another)," thus, "to counterbalance," from → com- "with"+ pensare, frequentative of pendere "to weigh, to hang."

Pâhangidan, from pâhang (Dehxodâ) "that which is put in a balance scale to equalize the weights," from pâ- variant of pâd-, → counter-, + hangidan variant of sanjidan "to measure; compare, put in balance," → object.

One who, or that which, compensates.

→ compensate; → -or.

A transparent plate inserted in one of the arms of an interferometer, in particular the → Michelson interferometer, to compensate for a longer → optical path in the other arm. Its function is to ensure that the beams transverse the same total thickness of glass in both arms of the interferometer. This is not essential for producing → interference fringes in monochromatic light. The compensator plate is of the same glass and the same thickness as the → beam splitter plate.

→ compensator; → plate.

To strive to outdo another for acknowledgment, a prize, supremacy, profit, etc.; engage in a contest (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. compéter, from L.L. competere "to strive in common," from → com- "together" + petere "to strive, go forward, seek," from PIE base *pet- "to fly, rush" (cf. Av. pat- "to fly, fall, rush," patarəta- "winged;" Mid.Pers. patet "falls," opastan "to fall;" Mod.Pers. oftâdan "to fall;" Skt. patati "he flies, falls," pátra- "wing, feather, leaf;" Gk. piptein "to fall," pterux "wing;" O.E. feðer "feather;" L. penna "feather, wing").

Hâjuyidan, from hâ-, variant of ham-, → com-, + juyidan "to strive for, seek," Parthian Mid.Pers. ywdy- "to strive for," Khotanese juv- "to fight," Av. yūd- (yaoda-) "to fight, struggle," yūdiieiti "fights," cf. Skt. yodh- "to fight," yúdh- "fight," Gk. hysmine "battle, fight," Lith. judus "belligerent."

1) The act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc. 2) A contest for some prize, honor, or advantage (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → compete + → -tion.

1) Of, pertaining to, involving, or decided by competition.
2) Well suited for competition; having a feature that makes for successful competition.
3) Having a strong desire to compete or to succeed (Dictionary.com).

→ compete + → -ive.

A scenario for → massive star formation whereby developing → protostars in their natal → molecular clouds compete with each other to gather mass. The protostars → accrete mass with a rate which depends on their location within the protocluster. They use the same reservoir of gas to grow. Therefore those protostars nearest the center, where the potential well is deep, and gas densities are higher, have the highest → accretion rates. The competitive accretion model explains the observational fact that the most massive stars are generally found in cluster cores. It accounts also for the distribution of stellar masses. In this model the accretion process depends on the content of the cluster. In clusters where gas dominates the potential (e.g. at initial stages of cluster formation), the accretion process is better modeled by using the → tidal radius as the accretion radius. In contrast, when the stars dominate the cluster potential and are virialized, the accretion is better modeled by → Bondi-Hoyle accretion (Bonnell et al. 1997, MNRAS 285, 201; 2001, MNRAS 323, 785).

→ competitive; → accretion; → model.

The state of being competitive.

→ competitive; → -ness.

A person, team, company, etc., that competes; rival (Dictionary.com).

→ compete + → -or.

The act of compiling; something compiled.

→ compile; → -tion.

1) To put together (documents, selections, or other materials) in one book or work.
2) Computers: To translate (a computer program) from a high-level language into another language, usually machine language, using a → compiler (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. compiler "compile, collect," from L. compilare "to plunder, rob," probably originally "bundle together, heap up;" from → com- "together" + pilare "to fix firmly, accumulate."

Hâtalidan, from hâ- variant of ham-, → com-, + tal, → pile, + -idan suffix of infinitives.

A → software program that compiles program source code files into an executable program.

→ compile + → -er

To express dissatisfaction, pain, uneasiness, censure, resentment, or grief; find fault (Dictionary.com).

M.E. compleinen, from O.Fr. complaindre "to lament" from V.L. *complangere, originally "to beat the breast," from L. → com- an intensive prefix + plangere "to strike, beat the breast."

Mid.Pers. garz- "to weep, lament," garzišn "complaint;" Mod.Pers. geristan, geryidan "to weep," gelé "gripe, complaint, lamentation;" Kurd (Kurm.) girižin/giriž- "to be grumpy, growl;" Av. gərəz- "to lament, weep;" cf. Skt. grah "to complain;" Proto-Ir. *garz- "to lament, weep."

An expression of discontent, regret, pain, censure, resentment, or grief; lament; faultfinding (Dictionary.com).

M.E. compleynte, from O.Fr. complainte "complaint, lament," noun from complaindre "to lament," → complain.

Verbal noun of garzidan, → complain.

1) Math., logic: With reference to any set A, conceived as a subset of some larger set U, all the elements of U that are not contained in A.
2) Optics: A complementary color that, when combined to another, creates neutral gray.

From O.Fr. complement, from L. complementum "that which fills up or completes," from complere "fill up," → complete.

Osporân, from ospor present tense stem of osporidan "to → complete."

The state or quality of being → complementary.

From → complementary + → -ity.

From osporandé, → complementary, + -gi, same as -i noun suffix.

Physical principle, put forward by Niels Bohr in 1928, that a complete knowledge of phenomena on atomic dimensions requires a description of both wave and particle properties.

→ complementarity; → principle.

Forming or serving as a complement; completing.

From → complement.

Any angle that when added to another one creates a 90° angle.

→ complementary; → angle.