An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The principle that cause must always precede effect.

→ causality; → principle.

1) The act or process of causing; the act or agency which produces an effect.
2) The relation of → cause to → effect.

Verbal noun from → cause.

1) Effective or operating as a cause or agent.
2) Grammar: Expressing → causation; specifically, being a linguistic form that indicates that the subject causes an act to be performed or a condition to come into being (Merriam-Webster.com).

Ultimately from L. causativus, → cause; → -ive.

1) A → reason for an → action or → condition; something that brings about an → effect or a → result.
2) To be the cause of; bring about.

From L. causa "reason, purpose," of unknown origin.

Bonâr, from bon "basis, root, origin, ground", from Mid.Pers. bun "base, root, origin;" Av. buna- "ground" (cf. Skt. budhna- "ground, bottom, depth", L. fundus "bottom", PIE base *bhud-/*bhund-) + âr short form of âvar present stem of âvardan "to cause or produce; to bring," → production; compare with Ger. die Ursache "cause," from ur- "primal" + die Sache "thing, matter."

1) Capable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue. A caustic substance.
2) Optics: The enveloping surface formed by light rays reflecting or refracting from a curved surface. → caustic curve, → caustic surface.

M.E., from O.Fr. caustique, from L. causticus "burning," from Gk. kaustikos "capable of burning," from kaust(os) "combustible," from kaiein "to burn" + -ikos, → -ic.

Sucân, from suc- "to burn," variant of suz-, suzidan, suxtan "to burn;" cf. Baluci suc-, soc-; Mid.Pers. sôxtan, sôzidan "to burn;" Av. base saoc- "to burn, inflame" sūcā "brilliance," upa.suxta- "inflamed;" cf. Skt. śoc- "to light, glow, burn," śocati "burns," (caus.) socayati, śuc- "flame, glow," śoka- "light, flame;" PIE base *(s)keuk- "to shine."

The intersection of a → caustic surface with a plane passing through the beam of rays.

→ caustic; → curve.

In an → optical system, the → envelope of all the → reflected or → refracted rays (by a → mirror or a → lens respectively) which do not come to a common focal point because of geometrical → aberration. This occurs when parallel rays of light fall on a → concave mirror or when a → convex lens receives parallel light. In the case of → spherical aberration, the caustic surface has an axis of symmetry.

→ caustic; → surface.

The quality of being physically caustic.

→ caustic; → -ity.

1) An apparently hollow formation in the structure of an astronomical object, for example a sizable hole on the surface of a → molecular cloud created by → ultraviolet photons of a → massive star.
2) In a semiconductor laser, two reflective parallel edges forming a resonator that amplifies the light through stimulated emission.

From M.Fr. cavité, from L.L. cavitas "hollowness," from L. cavus "hollow."

Kâvâk, related to verb kâvidan (kâftan) "to dig; to examine, investigate," cf. L. cavus "hollow" (E. derivatives: cavity, concave, cave, excavate), Gk. koilos "hollow," Armenian sor, PIE *kowos "hollow."

→ charge-coupled device.

Short for → charge + coupled, from → couple, + → device.

A CCD detector having two dimensions.

→ CCD; → array.

→ charge-coupled device.

→ CCD; → detector.

One of a series of astronomical images obtained using a CCD detector in particular for calibration purposes.

→ CCD; → frame.

In a → CCD detector, the ratio of the initial number of electrons in a → pixel to the final number of → analog-to-digital units (or counts) reported by camera software. For example, a gain of 1.8 e-/count means that the camera produces 1 count for every 1.8 recorded electrons.

→ charge-coupled device (CCD); → gain.

A mechanical device of a CCD camera that controls the duration of a an exposure, as by opening and closing to allow the stellar light to expose the CCD detector.

Shutter, from to shut, from O.E. scyttan from W.Gmc. *skutjanan + → -er.

A → cosmological model that attributes the formation of structures in the → early Universe to an exotic particle (→ cold dark matter) which was → non-relativistic at the time of → decoupling. According to this model, CDM began clumping together soon after the → Big Bang, while the → baryonic matter was still coupled with the → photons, and prevented to condense. Smaller → clumps of dark matter merged to form larger and larger clumps, and when the normal visible matter had decoupled from the photons, at the → recombination era (380,000 years after the Big Bang), it collapsed onto these dark matter clumps. In this way, the dark matter clumps acted as seeds for galaxy formation.

→ cold; → dark; → matter; → theory.

An often temporary cessation of hostilities during wartime for a specific purpose. It may be unilateral or bilateral.

From cease from O.Fr. cesser "to come to an end, stop," from L. cessare "to cease, go slow, be idle," + → fire.

Âtašbas, from âtaš, → fire, + bas, from bas kardan "to stop, end; leave."

Of or relating to the sky or visible heavens.

M.E., from O.Fr., from M.L. celestialis, from L. cælestis "heavenly," from cælum "heaven, sky."

Âsmâni related to âsmân, → sky.

The Earth's axis extended to the → celestial pole.

→ celestial; → axis.

→ astronomical object.

→ celestial; → body.