An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 21 Search : distribution
binomial distribution
  واباژش ِ دونامین   
vâbâžeš-e donâmin

Fr.: distribution binomiale   

A probability distribution for independent events for which there are only two possible outcomes i.e., success and failure. The probability of x successes in n trials is: P(x) = [n!/x!(n - x)!] px.qn - x, where p is the probability of success and q = 1 - p the probability of failure on each trial. These probabilities are given in terms of the → binomial theorem expansion of (p + q)n.

binomial; → distribution.

Bose-Einstein distribution
  واباژش ِ بوز-اینشتین   
vâbâžeš-e Bose-Einstein

Fr.: distribution de Bose-Einstein   

For a → population of independent → bosons, a function that specifies the number of particles in each of the allowed → energy states.

boson; → Einstein; → distribution.

brightness distribution
  واباژش ِ درخشندگی   
vâbâžeš-e deraxšandegi

Fr.: distribution de brillance   

A statistical distribution of the brightness of an astronomical extended object.

brightness; → distribution.

Vâbâžeš, → distribution; deraxšandegi, → brightness.

charge distribution
  واباژش ِ بار   
vâbâžeš-e bâr

Fr.: distribution des charges   

The way a number of → electric charges are arranged in space with respect to the point of observation.

charge; → distribution.

chi-square distribution
  واباژش ِ خی-دو   
vâbâžeš-e Xi-do

Fr.: loi du chi-deux   

A probability density function, denoted χ2, that gives the distribution of the sum of squares of k independent random variables, each being drawn from the normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance. The integer k is the number of degrees of freedom. The distribution has a positive skew; the skew is less with more degrees of freedom. As degrees of freedom increase, the chi-square distribution approaches a normal distribution. The most common application is chi-square tests for goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one. If χ2 = 0 the agreement is perfect.

Chi Gk. letter of alphabet; → square; → distribution.

Vâbâžeš, → distribution; do, → two.

cumulative distribution function
  کریای ِ واباژش ِ کومشی   
karyâ-ye vâbâžeš-e kumeši

Fr.: fonction de distribution cumulée   

A function that gives the probability that a → random variable X is less than or equal to x, at each possible outcome: F(x) = P(X ≤ x), for -∞ < x < ∞. Same as → distribution function.

cumulative; → distribution; → function.

distribution
  واباژش   
vâbâžeš (#)

Fr.: distribution   

An act or instance of distributing; the state or manner of being distributed; something that is distributed. → binomial distribution, → Bose-Einstein distribution, → brightness distribution, → chi-square distribution, → cumulative distribution function, → distribution function, → Gaussian distribution, → Gibbs canonical distribution, → lognormal distribution, → Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, → normal distribution, → Poisson distribution, → power-law distribution, → probability distribution, → spectral energy distribution.

Verbal noun of → distribute

distribution function
  کریای ِ واباژش   
karyâ-ye vâbâžeš

Fr.: fonction de distribution   

A function that gives the relative frequency with which the value of a statistical variable may be expected to lie within any specified interval. For example, the Maxwellian distribution of velocities gives the number of particles, in different velocity intervals, in a unit volume.

distribution; → function.

family of distributions
  خانواده‌ی ِ واباژش‌ها   
xânevâde-ye vâbâžešhâ

Fr.: famille de distributions   

A set of distributions which have the same general mathematical → formula.

family; → distribution.

Gaussian distribution
  واباژش ِ گاؤسی   
vâbâžeš-e Gaussi (#)

Fr.: distribution gaussienne   

A theoretical frequency distribution for a set of variable data, usually represented by a bell-shaped curve with a mean at the center of the curve and tail widths proportional to the standard deviation of the data about the mean.

Gaussian; → distribution.

Gibbs canonical distribution
  واباژش ِ هنجاروار ِ گیبس   
vâbâžeš-e hanjârvâr-e Gibbs

Fr.: distribution canonique de Gibbs   

The probability distribution of the various possible states of a certain → quasi-closed subsystem.

Gibbs free energy; → canonical; → distribution.

halo occupation distribution (HOD)
  واباژش ِ هگش ِ هاله   
vâbâžeš-e hageš-e hâlé

Fr.: distribution d'occupation de halo   

The → probability distribution of the → number of galaxies that a host → dark matter halo of a given mass contains. HOD is a powerful theoretical frame to populate dark matter halos with luminous galaxies. More specifically, it describes the bias between galaxies and dark matter by specifying (a) the probability P(N|M) that a halo of → virial mass M contains N galaxies of a particular class and (b) the relative spatial and velocity distributions of galaxies and dark matter within halos.

halo; → occupation; → distribution.

lognormal distribution
  واباژش ِ لگاریتمی-هنجارور   
vâbâžeš-e logâritmi-hanjârvar

Fr.: distribution logarithmico-normale   

A → probability distribution in which the natural logarithm (logX) of the → random variable (X) has a → Gaussian distribution.

logarithm; → normal distribution.

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
  واباژش ِ ماکسول-بولتسمان   
vibâžš-e Maxwell-Boltzmann

Fr.: distribution de Maxwell-Boltzmann   

The distribution law for kinetic energies (or, equivalently, speeds) of molecules of an ideal gas in equilibrium at a given temperature.

maxwell; → Boltzmann's constant; → distribution.

metallicity distribution function (MDF)
  کریای ِ واباژش ِ فلزیگی   
karyâ-ye vâbâžeš-e felezigi

Fr.: fonction de distribution de métallicité   

A plot representing the number of stars (or systems) per metallicity interval, usually expressed in [Fe/H] (abundance of → iron relative to → hydrogen).

metallicity; → distribution; → function.

normal distribution
  واباژش ِ هنجارور   
vâbâžeš-e hanjârvar

Fr.: distribution normale   

A theoretical frequency distribution for a set of variable data, usually represented by a bell-shaped curve with a mean at the center of the curve and tail widths proportional to the standard deviation of the data about the mean. Same as → Gaussian distribution.

normal; → distribution.

Planck distribution
  واباژش ِ پلانک   
vâbâžeš-e Planck

Fr.: distribution de Planck   

The distribution of radiation with wavelength for a blackbody, given by → Planck's radiation law.

Planck; → distribution.

Poisson distribution
  واباژش ِ پو‌آسون   
vâbâžeš-e Poisson

Fr.: distribution de Poisson   

A → probability function that characterizes → discrete  → random events occurring independently of one another within some definite time or space. It may be regarded as an approximation of the → binomial distribution when the number of events becomes large and the probability of success becomes small. The Poisson distribution is expressed by: f(x) = (λxe)/x!, where λ is the mean number of successes in the interval, e is the base of the → natural logarithm, and x is the number of successes we are interested in.

Named after Siméon Denis Poisson (1781-1840), French mathematician, who developed the application of Fourier series to physical problems and made major contributions to the theory of probability and to the calculus of variations; → distribution.

power-law distribution
  واباژش با قانون ِ توانی   
vâbâžeš bâ qânun-e tavâni

Fr.: distribution en loi de puissance   

For a → random variable X, any → distribution which has the form: P(X ≥ x) = (k/x)α, where x is a value in the range defined for X, k > 0 is a parameter termed location parameter, and α > 0 is the → slope parameter.

power; → law; → distribution.

probability distribution
  واباژش ِ شوانایی   
vâbâžeš-e šavânâyi

Fr.: distribution de probabilité   

The function that describes the range of possible values that a random variable can attain and the probability that the value of the random variable is within any (measurable) subset of that range.

probability; → distribution.


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